Ulangan 28:23

28:23 The ¹  sky ²  above your heads will be bronze and the earth beneath you iron.

Ulangan 33:25

33:25 The bars of your gates ³  will be made of iron and bronze,

and may you have lifelong strength.

Ulangan 27:5

27:5 Then you must build an altar there to the Lord your God, an altar of stones – do not use an iron tool on them.

Ulangan 8:9

8:9 a land where you may eat food ⁴  in plenty and find no lack of anything, a land whose stones are iron ⁵  and from whose hills you can mine copper.

Ulangan 4:20

4:20 You, however, the Lord has selected and brought from Egypt, that iron-smelting furnace, ⁶  to be his special people ⁷  as you are today.

Ulangan 28:48

28:48 instead in hunger, thirst, nakedness, and poverty ⁸  you will serve your enemies whom the Lord will send against you. They ⁹  will place an iron yoke on your neck until they have destroyed you.

Ulangan 3:11

3:11 Only King Og of Bashan was left of the remaining Rephaites. (It is noteworthy ¹⁰  that his sarcophagus ¹¹  was made of iron. ¹²  Does it not, indeed, still remain in Rabbath ¹³  of the Ammonites? It is thirteen and a half feet ¹⁴  long and six feet ¹⁵  wide according to standard measure.) ¹⁶ 

Ulangan 3:5

3:5 All of these cities were fortified by high walls, gates, and locking bars; ¹⁷  in addition there were a great many open villages. ¹⁸ 

Ulangan 28:47

The Curse of Military Siege

28:47 “Because you have not served the Lord your God joyfully and wholeheartedly with the abundance of everything you have,

Ulangan 19:5

19:5 Suppose he goes with someone else ¹⁹  to the forest to cut wood and when he raises the ax ²⁰  to cut the tree, the ax head flies loose ²¹  from the handle and strikes ²²  his fellow worker ²³  so hard that he dies. The person responsible ²⁴  may then flee to one of these cities to save himself. ²⁵ 

[28:23]  ¹ tc The MT reads “Your.” The LXX reads “Heaven will be to you.”

[28:23]  ² tn Or “heavens” (also in the following verse). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.

[33:25]  ³ tn The words “of your gates” have been supplied in the translation to clarify the referent of “bars.”

[8:9]  ⁴ tn The Hebrew term may refer to “food” in a more general sense (cf. NASB, NCV, NLT) or “bread” in particular (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV).

[8:9]  ⁵ sn A land whose stones are iron. Since iron deposits are few and far between in Palestine, the reference here is probably to iron ore found in mines as opposed to the meteorite iron more commonly known in that area.

[4:20]  ⁶ tn A כּוּר (kur) was not a source of heat but a crucible (“iron-smelting furnace”) in which precious metals were melted down and their impurities burned away (see I. Cornelius, NIDOTTE 2:618-19); cf. NAB “that iron foundry, Egypt.” The term is a metaphor for intense heat. Here it refers to the oppression and suffering Israel endured in Egypt. Since a crucible was used to burn away impurities, it is possible that the metaphor views Egypt as a place of refinement to bring Israel to a place of submission to divine sovereignty.

[4:20]  ⁷ tn Heb “to be his people of inheritance.” The Lord compares his people to valued property inherited from one’s ancestors and passed on to one’s descendants.

[28:48]  ⁸ tn Heb “lack of everything.”

[28:48]  ⁹ tn Heb “he” (also later in this verse). The pronoun is a collective singular referring to the enemies (cf. CEV, NLT). Many translations understand the singular pronoun to refer to the Lord (cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NCV, NRSV, TEV).

[3:11]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “Behold” (הִנֵּה, hinneh).

[3:11]  ¹¹ tn The Hebrew term עֶרֶשׂ (’eres), traditionally translated “bed” (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) is likely a basaltic (volcanic) stone sarcophagus of suitable size to contain the coffin of the giant Rephaite king. Its iron-like color and texture caused it to be described as an iron container. See A. Millard, “King Og’s Iron Bed: Fact or Fancy?” BR 6 (1990): 16-21, 44; cf. also NEB “his sarcophagus of basalt”; TEV, CEV “his coffin.”

[3:11]  ¹² tn Or “of iron-colored basalt.” See note on the word “sarcophagus” earlier in this verse.

[3:11]  ¹³ sn Rabbath. This place name (usually occurring as Rabbah; 2 Sam 11:11; 12:27; Jer 49:3) refers to the ancient capital of the Ammonite kingdom, now the modern city of Amman, Jordan. The word means “great [one],” probably because of its political importance. The fact that the sarcophagus “still remain[ed]” there suggests this part of the verse is post-Mosaic, having been added as a matter of explanation for the existence of the artifact and also to verify the claim as to its size.

[3:11]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “nine cubits.” Assuming a length of 18 in (45 cm) for the standard cubit, this would be 13.5 ft (4.1 m) long.

[3:11]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “four cubits.” This would be 6 ft (1.8 m) wide.

[3:11]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “by the cubit of man.” This probably refers to the “short” or “regular” cubit of approximately 18 in (45 cm).

[3:5]  ¹⁷ tn Or “high walls and barred gates” (NLT); Heb “high walls, gates, and bars.” Since “bars” could be understood to mean “saloons,” the qualifying adjective “locking” has been supplied in the translation.

[3:5]  ¹⁸ tn The Hebrew term פְּרָזִי (pÿraziy) refers to rural areas, at the most “unwalled villages” (KJV, NASB “unwalled towns”).

[19:5]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “his neighbor” (so NAB, NIV); NASB “his friend.”

[19:5]  ²⁰ tn Heb “and he raises his hand with the iron.”

[19:5]  ²¹ tn Heb “the iron slips off.”

[19:5]  ²² tn Heb “finds.”

[19:5]  ²³ tn Heb “his neighbor.”

[19:5]  ²⁴ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the person responsible for his friend’s death) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[19:5]  ²⁵ tn Heb “and live.”