Ulangan 32:16

32:16 They made him jealous with other gods, ¹ 

they enraged him with abhorrent idols. ² 

Ulangan 32:1

Invocation of Witnesses

32:1 Listen, O heavens, and I will speak;

hear, O earth, the words of my mouth.

1 Raja-raja 16:2

16:2 “I raised you up ³  from the dust and made you ruler over my people Israel. Yet you followed in Jeroboam’s footsteps ⁴  and encouraged my people Israel to sin; their sins have made me angry. ⁵ 

Mazmur 78:58

78:58 They made him angry with their pagan shrines, ⁶ 

and made him jealous with their idols.

Yeremia 7:18

7:18 Children are gathering firewood, fathers are building fires with it, and women are mixing dough to bake cakes to offer to the goddess they call the Queen of Heaven. ⁷  They are also pouring out drink offerings to other gods. They seem to do all this just ⁸  to trouble me.

[32:16]  ¹ tc Heb “with strange (things).” The Vulgate actually supplies diis (“gods”).

[32:16]  ² tn Heb “abhorrent (things)” (cf. NRSV). A number of English versions understand this as referring to “idols” (NAB, NIV, NCV, CEV), while NLT supplies “acts.”

[16:2]  ³ tn The Hebrew text has “because” at the beginning of the sentence. In the Hebrew text vv. 2-3 are one sentence comprised of a causal clause giving the reason for divine punishment (v. 2) and the main clause announcing the punishment (v. 3). The translation divides this sentence for stylistic reasons.

[16:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “walked in the way of Jeroboam.”

[16:2]  ⁵ tn Heb “angering me by their sins.”

[78:58]  ⁶ tn Traditionally, “high places.”

[7:18]  ⁷ tn The form for “queen” is unusual. It is pointed (מְלֶכֶת [mÿlekhet] instead of מַלְכַּת [malkat]) as though the Masoretes wanted to read the word for “work” (מְלֶאכֶת [mÿle’khet]), i.e., the “hosts of,” a word that several Hebrew mss read and an understanding the LXX reflects. The other ancient and modern versions generally, however, accept it as a biform for the word “queen.”

[7:18]  sn The Queen of Heaven is probably a reference to the goddess known as Ishtar in Mesopotamia, Anat in Canaan, Ashtoreth in Israel. She was the goddess of love and fertility. For further discussion, see G. L. Keown, P. J. Scalise, T. G. Smothers, Jeremiah 26-52 (WBC), 266-68.

[7:18]  ⁸ tn Heb “to provoke me.” There is debate among grammarians and lexicographers about the nuance of the Hebrew particle לְמַעַן (lÿma’an). Some say it always denotes purpose, while others say it may denote either purpose or result, depending on the context. For example, BDB 775 s.v. לְמַעַן note 1 says that it always denotes purpose, never result, but that sometimes what is really a result is represented ironically as though it were a purpose. That explanation fits nicely here in the light of the context of the next verse. The translation is intended to reflect some of that ironic sarcasm.