Kejadian 10:8-10

10:8 Cush was the father of ¹  Nimrod; he began to be a valiant warrior on the earth. 10:9 He was a mighty hunter ²  before the Lord. ³  (That is why it is said, “Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the Lord.”) 10:10 The primary regions ⁴  of his kingdom were Babel, ⁵  Erech, ⁶  Akkad, ⁷  and Calneh ⁸  in the land of Shinar. ⁹ 

Kejadian 5:1

From Adam to Noah

5:1 This is the record ¹⁰  of the family line ¹¹  of Adam.

When God created humankind, ¹²  he made them ¹³  in the likeness of God.

[10:8]  ¹ tn Heb “fathered.” Embedded within Cush’s genealogy is an account of Nimrod, a mighty warrior. There have been many attempts to identify him, but none are convincing.

[10:9]  ² tn The Hebrew word for “hunt” is צַיִד (tsayid), which is used on occasion for hunting men (1 Sam 24:12; Jer 16:16; Lam 3:15).

[10:9]  ³ tn Another option is to take the divine name here, לִפְנֵי יִהוָה (lifne yÿhvah, “before the Lord [YHWH]”), as a means of expressing the superlative degree. In this case one may translate “Nimrod was the greatest hunter in the world.”

[10:10]  ⁴ tn Heb “beginning.” E. A. Speiser, Genesis (AB), 67, suggests “mainstays,” citing Jer 49:35 as another text where the Hebrew noun is so used.

[10:10]  ⁵ tn Or “Babylon.”

[10:10]  ⁶ sn Erech (ancient Uruk, modern Warka), one of the most ancient civilizations, was located southeast of Babylon.

[10:10]  ⁷ sn Akkad, or ancient Agade, was associated with Sargon and located north of Babylon.

[10:10]  ⁸ tn No such place is known in Shinar (i.e., Babylonia). Therefore some have translated the Hebrew term כַלְנֵה (khalneh) as “all of them,” referring to the three previous names (cf. NRSV).

[10:10]  ⁹ sn Shinar is another name for Babylonia.

[5:1]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “book” or “roll.” Cf. NIV “written account”; NRSV “list.”

[5:1]  ¹¹ tn Heb “generations.” See the note on the phrase “this is the account of” in 2:4.

[5:1]  ¹² tn The Hebrew text has אָדָם (’adam).

[5:1]  ¹³ tn Heb “him.” The Hebrew text uses the third masculine singular pronominal suffix on the accusative sign. The pronoun agrees grammatically with its antecedent אָדָם (’adam). However, the next verse makes it clear that אָדָם is collective here and refers to “humankind,” so it is preferable to translate the pronoun with the English plural.