Yeremia 25:21

25:21 all the people of Edom, ¹  Moab, ²  Ammon; ³ 

Yehezkiel 25:8

A Prophecy Against Moab

25:8 “This is what the sovereign Lord says: ‘Moab ⁴  and Seir say, “Look, the house of Judah is like all the other nations.”

Amos 2:1

2:1 This is what the Lord says:

“Because Moab has committed three crimes ⁵  –

make that four! ⁶  – I will not revoke my decree of judgment. ⁷ 

They burned the bones of Edom’s king into lime. ⁸ 

Zefanya 2:8

2:8 “I have heard Moab’s taunts

and the Ammonites’ insults.

They ⁹  taunted my people

and verbally harassed those living in Judah. ¹⁰ 

[25:21]  ¹ sn See further Jer 49:7-22 for the judgment against Edom. Edom, Moab, and Ammon were east of Judah.

[25:21]  ² sn See further Jer 48:1-47 for the judgment against Moab.

[25:21]  ³ sn See further Jer 49:1-6 for the judgment against Ammon.

[25:8]  ⁴ sn Moab was located immediately south of Ammon.

[2:1]  ⁵ tn Traditionally, “transgressions” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV) or “sins” (NIV). For an explanation of the atrocities outlined in this oracle as treaty violations of God’s mandate to Noah in Gen 9:5-7, see the note on the word “violations” in 1:3.

[2:1]  ⁶ tn Heb “Because of three violations of Moab, even because of four.”

[2:1]  sn On the three…four style that introduces each of the judgment oracles of chaps. 1-2 see the note on the word “four” in 1:3.

[2:1]  ⁷ tn Heb “I will not bring it [or “him”] back.” The translation understands the pronominal object to refer to the decree of judgment that follows; the referent (the decree) has been specified in the translation for clarity. For another option see the note on the word “judgment” in 1:3.

[2:1]  ⁸ sn The Moabites apparently desecrated the tomb of an Edomite king and burned his bones into a calcined substance which they then used as plaster (cf. Deut 27:2, 4). See S. M. Paul, Amos (Hermeneia), 72. Receiving a proper burial was very important in this culture. Desecrating a tomb or a deceased individual’s bones was considered an especially heinous act.

[2:8]  ⁹ tn Heb “who.” A new sentence was begun here in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[2:8]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and they made great [their mouth?] against their territory.” Other possible translation options include (1) “they enlarged their own territory” (cf. NEB) and (2) “they bragged about [the size] of their own territory.”