Yeremia 49:10

49:10 But I will strip everything away from Esau’s descendants.

I will uncover their hiding places so they cannot hide.

Their children, relatives, and neighbors will all be destroyed.

Not one of them will be left!

Obaja 1:10

Edom’s Treachery Against Judah

1:10 “Because ¹  you violently slaughtered ²  your relatives, ³  the people of Jacob, ⁴ 

shame will cover you, and you will be destroyed ⁵  forever.

Maleakhi 1:3-4

1:3 and rejected Esau. ⁶  I turned Esau’s ⁷  mountains into a deserted wasteland ⁸  and gave his territory ⁹  to the wild jackals.”

1:4 Edom ¹⁰  says, “Though we are devastated, we will once again build the ruined places.” So the Lord who rules over all ¹¹  responds, “They indeed may build, but I will overthrow. They will be known as ¹²  the land of evil, the people with whom the Lord is permanently displeased.

[1:10]  ¹ tn Heb “from.” The preposition is used here with a causal sense.

[1:10]  ² tn Heb “because of the slaughter and because of the violence.” These two expressions form a hendiadys meaning “because of the violent slaughter.” Traditional understanding connects the first phrase “because of the slaughter” with the end of v. 9 (cf. KJV, NASB, NIV, NLT). It is preferable, however, to regard it as parallel to the reference to violence at the beginning of v. 11. Both the parallel linguistic structure of the two phrases and the metrical structure of the verse favor connecting this phrase with the beginning of v. 10 (cf. NRSV, TEV).

[1:10]  ³ tn Heb “the violence of your brother.” The genitive construction is to be understood as an objective genitive. The meaning is not that Jacob has perpetrated violence (= subjective genitive), but that violence has been committed against him (= objective genitive).

[1:10]  ⁴ tn Heb “your brother Jacob” (so NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV); NCV “your relatives, the Israelites.”

[1:10]  ⁵ tn Heb “be cut off” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV).

[1:3]  ⁶ tn Heb “and I loved Jacob, but Esau I hated.” The context indicates this is technical covenant vocabulary in which “love” and “hate” are synonymous with “choose” and “reject” respectively (see Deut 7:8; Jer 31:3; Hos 3:1; 9:15; 11:1).

[1:3]  ⁷ tn Heb “his”; the referent (Esau) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:3]  ⁸ tn Heb “I set his mountains as a desolation.”

[1:3]  ⁹ tn Or “inheritance” (so NIV, NLT).

[1:4]  ¹⁰ sn Edom, a “brother” nation to Israel, became almost paradigmatic of hostility toward Israel and God (see Num 20:14-21; Deut 2:8; Jer 49:7-22; Ezek 25:12-14; Amos 1:11-12; Obad 10-12).

[1:4]  ¹¹ sn The epithet Lord who rules over all occurs frequently as a divine title throughout Malachi (24 times total). This name (יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת, yÿhvah tsÿva’ot), traditionally translated “Lord of hosts” (so KJV, NAB, NASB; cf. NIV NLT “Lord Almighty”; NCV, CEV “Lord All-Powerful”), emphasizes the majestic sovereignty of the Lord, an especially important concept in the postexilic world of great human empires and rulers. For a thorough study of the divine title, see T. N. D. Mettinger, In Search of God, 123-57.

[1:4]  ¹² tn Heb “and they will call them.” The third person plural subject is indefinite; one could translate, “and people will call them.”