Yesaya 1:7
Konteks1:7 Your land is devastated,
your cities burned with fire.
Right before your eyes your crops
are being destroyed by foreign invaders. 1
They leave behind devastation and destruction. 2
Yesaya 3:1
Konteks3:1 Look, the sovereign Lord who commands armies 3
is about to remove from Jerusalem 4 and Judah
every source of security, including 5
all the food and water, 6
Yesaya 9:4
Konteks9:4 For their oppressive yoke
and the club that strikes their shoulders,
the cudgel the oppressor uses on them, 7
you have shattered, as in the day of Midian’s defeat. 8
Yesaya 10:2
Konteks10:2 to keep the poor from getting fair treatment,
and to deprive 9 the oppressed among my people of justice,
so they can steal what widows own,
and loot what belongs to orphans. 10
Yesaya 10:6
Konteks10:6 I sent him 11 against a godless 12 nation,
I ordered him to attack the people with whom I was angry, 13
to take plunder and to carry away loot,
to trample them down 14 like dirt in the streets.
Yesaya 19:17
Konteks19:17 The land of Judah will humiliate Egypt. Everyone who hears about Judah will be afraid because of what the Lord who commands armies is planning to do to them. 15
Yesaya 23:9
Konteks23:9 The Lord who commands armies planned it –
to dishonor the pride that comes from all her beauty, 16
to humiliate all the dignitaries of the earth.
Yesaya 24:13
Konteks24:13 This is what will happen throughout 17 the earth,
among the nations.
It will be like when they beat an olive tree,
and just a few olives are left at the end of the harvest. 18
Yesaya 28:17
Konteks28:17 I will make justice the measuring line,
fairness the plumb line;
hail will sweep away the unreliable refuge, 19
the floodwaters will overwhelm the hiding place.
Yesaya 33:23
Konteks33:23 Though at this time your ropes are slack, 20
the mast is not secured, 21
and the sail 22 is not unfurled,
at that time you will divide up a great quantity of loot; 23
even the lame will drag off plunder. 24
Yesaya 44:12
Konteks44:12 A blacksmith works with his tool 25
and forges metal over the coals.
He forms it 26 with hammers;
he makes it with his strong arm.
He gets hungry and loses his energy; 27
he drinks no water and gets tired.
Yesaya 51:1
Konteks51:1 “Listen to me, you who pursue godliness, 28
who seek the Lord!
Look at the rock from which you were chiseled,
at the quarry 29 from which you were dug! 30
Yesaya 53:8
Konteks53:8 He was led away after an unjust trial 31 –
but who even cared? 32
Indeed, he was cut off from the land of the living; 33
because of the rebellion of his own 34 people he was wounded.
Yesaya 55:1
Konteks55:1 “Hey, 35 all who are thirsty, come to the water!
You who have no money, come!
Buy and eat!
Come! Buy wine and milk
without money and without cost! 36
Yesaya 56:11
Konteks56:11 The dogs have big appetites;
they are never full. 37
They are shepherds who have no understanding;
they all go their own way,
each one looking for monetary gain. 38
Yesaya 59:8
Konteks59:8 They are unfamiliar with peace;
their deeds are unjust. 39
They use deceitful methods,
and whoever deals with them is unfamiliar with peace. 40
[1:7] 1 tn Heb “As for your land, before you foreigners are devouring it.”
[1:7] 2 tn Heb “and [there is] devastation like an overthrow by foreigners.” The comparative preposition כְּ (kÿ, “like, as”) has here the rhetorical nuance, “in every way like.” The point is that the land has all the earmarks of a destructive foreign invasion because that is what has indeed happened. One could paraphrase, “it is desolate as it can only be when foreigners destroy.” On this use of the preposition in general, see GKC 376 §118.x. Many also prefer to emend “foreigners” here to “Sodom,” though there is no external attestation for such a reading in the
[3:1] 3 tn Heb “the master, the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts].” On the title “the Lord who commands armies,” see the note at 1:9.
[3:1] 4 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[3:1] 5 tn Heb “support and support.” The masculine and feminine forms of the noun are placed side-by-side to emphasize completeness. See GKC 394 §122.v.
[3:1] 6 tn Heb “all the support of food, and all the support of water.”
[9:4] 7 tn Heb “for the yoke of his burden, and the staff of his shoulder, the scepter of the oppressor against him.” The singular pronouns are collective, referring to the people. The oppressed nation is compared to an ox weighed down by a heavy yoke and an animal that is prodded and beaten.
[9:4] 8 sn This alludes to Gideon’s victory over Midian (Judg 7-8), when the Lord delivered Israel from an oppressive foreign invader.
[10:2] 9 tn Or “rob” (ASV, NASB, NCV, NRSV); KJV “take away the right from the poor.”
[10:2] 10 tn Heb “so that widows are their plunder, and they can loot orphans.”
[10:2] sn On the socio-economic background of vv. 1-2, see the note at 1:23.
[10:6] 11 sn Throughout this section singular forms are used to refer to Assyria; perhaps the king of Assyria is in view (see v. 12).
[10:6] 12 tn Or “defiled”; cf. ASV “profane”; NAB “impious”; NCV “separated from God.”
[10:6] 13 tn Heb “and against the people of my anger I ordered him.”
[10:6] 14 tn Heb “to make it [i.e., the people] a trampled place.”
[19:17] 15 tn Heb “and the land of Judah will become [a source of] shame to Egypt, everyone to whom one mentions it [i.e., the land of Judah] will fear because of the plan of the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts] which he is planning against him.”
[23:9] 16 tn Heb “the pride of all the beauty.”
[24:13] 17 tn Heb “in the midst of” (so KJV, ASV, NASB).
[24:13] 18 sn The judgment will severely reduce the earth’s population. See v. 6.
[28:17] 19 tn Heb “[the] refuge, [the] lie.” See v. 15.
[33:23] 20 tn The words “though at this time” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The first half of the verse is addressed to Judah and contrasts the nation’s present weakness with its future prosperity. Judah is compared to a ship that is incapable of sailing.
[33:23] 21 tn Heb “they do not fasten the base of their mast.” On כֵּן (ken, “base”) see BDB 487 s.v. III כֵּן and HALOT 483 s.v. III כֵּן.
[33:23] 22 tn Or perhaps, “flag.”
[33:23] 23 tn Heb “then there will be divided up loot of plunder [in] abundance.”
[33:23] 24 sn Judah’s victory over its enemies will be so thorough there will be more than enough plunder for everyone, even slow-moving lame men who would normally get left out in the rush to gather the loot.
[44:12] 25 tn The noun מַעֲצָד (ma’atsad), which refers to some type of tool used for cutting, occurs only here and in Jer 10:3. See HALOT 615 s.v. מַעֲצָד.
[44:12] 26 tn Some English versions take the pronoun “it” to refer to an idol being fashioned by the blacksmith (cf. NIV, NCV, CEV). NLT understands the referent to be “a sharp tool,” which is then used by the carpenter in the following verse to carve an idol from wood.
[44:12] 27 tn Heb “and there is no strength”; NASB “his strength fails.”
[51:1] 28 tn Or “righteousness” (KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV); NAB “justice”; NLT “hope for deliverance.”
[51:1] 29 tn Heb “the excavation of the hole.”
[51:1] 30 sn The “rock” and “quarry” refer here to Abraham and Sarah, the progenitors of the nation.
[53:8] 31 tn The precise meaning of this line is uncertain. The present translation assumes that מִן (min) here has an instrumental sense (“by, through”) and understands עֹצֶר וּמִמִּשְׁפָּט (’otser umimmishpat, “coercion and legal decision”) as a hendiadys meaning “coercive legal decision,” thus “an unjust trial.” Other interpretive options include: (1) “without [for this sense of מִן, see BDB 578 s.v. 1.b] hindrance and proper judicial process,” i.e., “unfairly and with no one to defend him,” (2) “from [in the sense of “after,” see BDB 581 s.v. 4.b] arrest and judgment.”
[53:8] 32 tn Heb “and his generation, who considers?” (NASB similar). Some understand “his generation” as a reference to descendants. In this case the question would suggest that he will have none. However, אֶת (’et) may be taken here as specifying a new subject (see BDB 85 s.v. I אֵת 3). If “his generation” refers to the servant’s contemporary generation, one may then translate, “As for his contemporary generation, who took note?” The point would be that few were concerned about the harsh treatment he received.
[53:8] 33 sn The “land of the living” is an idiom for the sphere where people live, in contrast to the underworld realm of the dead. See, for example, Ezek 32:23-27.
[53:8] 34 tn The Hebrew text reads “my people,” a reading followed by most English versions, but this is problematic in a context where the first person plural predominates, and where God does not appear to speak again until v. 11b. Therefore, it is preferable to read with the Qumran scroll 1QIsaa עמו (“his people”). In this case, the group speaking in these verses is identified as the servant’s people (compare פְּשָׁעֵנוּ [pÿsha’enu, “our rebellious deeds”] in v. 5 with פֶּשַׁע עַמִּי [pesha’ ’ammi, “the rebellion of his people”] in v. 8).
[55:1] 35 tn The Hebrew term הוֹי (hoy, “woe, ah”) was used in funeral laments and is often prefixed to judgment oracles for rhetorical effect. But here it appears to be a simple interjection, designed to grab the audience’s attention. Perhaps there is a note of sorrow or pity. See BDB 223 s.v.
[55:1] 36 sn The statement is an oxymoron. Its ironic quality adds to its rhetorical impact. The statement reminds one of the norm (one must normally buy commodities) as it expresses the astounding offer. One might paraphrase the statement: “Come and take freely what you normally have to pay for.”
[56:11] 37 sn The phrase never full alludes to the greed of the leaders.
[56:11] 38 tn Heb “for his gain from his end.”
[59:8] 39 tn Heb “a way of peace they do not know, and there is no justice in their pathways.”
[59:8] 40 tn Heb “their paths they make crooked, everyone who walks in it does not know peace.”
