Yesaya 13:19
Konteks13:19 Babylon, the most admired 1 of kingdoms,
the Chaldeans’ source of honor and pride, 2
will be destroyed by God
just as Sodom and Gomorrah were. 3
Kejadian 10:10
Konteks10:10 The primary regions 4 of his kingdom were Babel, 5 Erech, 6 Akkad, 7 and Calneh 8 in the land of Shinar. 9
Yesaya 14:4
Konteks14:4 you will taunt the king of Babylon with these words: 10
“Look how the oppressor has met his end!
Hostility 11 has ceased!
[13:19] 1 tn Or “most beautiful” (NCV, TEV).
[13:19] 2 tn Heb “the beauty of the pride of the Chaldeans.”
[13:19] sn The Chaldeans were a group of tribes who lived in southern Mesopotamia. The established the so-called neo-Babylonian empire in the late seventh century
[13:19] 3 tn Heb “and Babylon…will be like the overthrow by God of Sodom and Gomorrah.” On מַהְפֵּכַת (mahpekhat, “overthrow”) see the note on the word “destruction” in 1:7.
[10:10] 4 tn Heb “beginning.” E. A. Speiser, Genesis (AB), 67, suggests “mainstays,” citing Jer 49:35 as another text where the Hebrew noun is so used.
[10:10] 6 sn Erech (ancient Uruk, modern Warka), one of the most ancient civilizations, was located southeast of Babylon.
[10:10] 7 sn Akkad, or ancient Agade, was associated with Sargon and located north of Babylon.
[10:10] 8 tn No such place is known in Shinar (i.e., Babylonia). Therefore some have translated the Hebrew term כַלְנֵה (khalneh) as “all of them,” referring to the three previous names (cf. NRSV).
[10:10] 9 sn Shinar is another name for Babylonia.
[14:4] 10 tn Heb “you will lift up this taunt over the king of Babylon, saying.”
[14:4] 11 tc The word in the Hebrew text (מַדְהֵבָה, madhevah) is unattested elsewhere and of uncertain meaning. Many (following the Qumran scroll 1QIsaa) assume a dalet-resh (ד-ר) confusion and emend the form to מַרְהֵבָה (marhevah, “onslaught”). See HALOT 548 s.v. II *מִדָּה and HALOT 633 s.v. *מַרְהֵבָה.
