Yesaya 24:3-4

24:3 The earth will be completely devastated

and thoroughly ransacked.

For the Lord has decreed this judgment. ¹ 

24:4 The earth ²  dries up ³  and withers,

the world shrivels up and withers;

the prominent people of the earth ⁴  fade away.

Yesaya 24:10-13

24:10 The ruined town ⁵  is shattered;

all of the houses are shut up tight. ⁶ 

24:11 They howl in the streets because of what happened to the wine; ⁷ 

all joy turns to sorrow; ⁸ 

celebrations disappear from the earth. ⁹ 

24:12 The city is left in ruins; ¹⁰ 

the gate is reduced to rubble. ¹¹ 

24:13 This is what will happen throughout ¹²  the earth,

among the nations.

It will be like when they beat an olive tree,

and just a few olives are left at the end of the harvest. ¹³ 

[24:3]  ¹ tn Heb “for the Lord has spoken this word.”

[24:4]  ² tn Some prefer to read “land” here, but the word pair אֶרֶץ/תֵּבֵל (erets/tevel [see the corresponding term in the parallel line]) elsewhere clearly designates the earth/world (see 1 Sam 2:8; 1 Chr 16:30; Job 37;12; Pss 19:4; 24:1; 33:8; 89:11; 90:2; 96:13; 98:9; Prov 8:26, 31; Isa 14:16-17; 34:1; Jer 10:12; 51:15; Lam 4:12). According to L. Stadelmann, תבל designates “the habitable part of the world” (The Hebrew Conception of the World [AnBib], 130).

[24:4]  ³ tn Or “mourns” (BDB 5 s.v. אָבַל). HALOT 6-7 lists the homonyms I אבל (“mourn”) and II אבל (“dry up”). They propose the second here on the basis of parallelism.

[24:4]  ⁴ tn Heb “the height of the people of the earth.” The translation assumes an emendation of the singular form מְרוֹם (mÿrom, “height of”) to the plural construct מְרֹמֵי (mÿrome, “high ones of”; note the plural verb at the beginning of the line), and understands the latter as referring to the prominent people of human society.

[24:10]  ⁵ tn Heb “the city of chaos” (so NAB, NASB, NRSV). Isaiah uses the term תֹּהוּ (tohu) rather frequently of things (like idols) that are empty and worthless (see BDB 1062 s.v.), so the word might characterize the city as rebellious or morally worthless. However, in this context, which focuses on the effects of divine judgment, it probably refers to the ruined or worthless condition in which the city is left (note the use of the word in Isa 34:11). For a discussion of the identity of this city, see R. Chisholm, “The ‘Everlasting Covenant’ and the ‘City of Chaos’: Intentional Ambiguity and Irony in Isaiah 24,” CTR 6 (1993): 237-53. In the context of universal judgment depicted in Isa 24, this city represents all the nations and cities of the world which, like Babylon of old and the powers/cities mentioned in chapters 13-23, rebel against God’s authority. Behind the stereotypical language one can detect various specific manifestations of this symbolic and paradigmatic city, including Babylon, Moab, and Jerusalem, all of which are alluded or referred to in chapters 24-27.

[24:10]  ⁶ tn Heb “every house is closed up from entering.”

[24:11]  ⁷ tn Heb “[there is] an outcry over the wine in the streets.”

[24:11]  ⁸ tn Heb “all joy turns to evening,” the darkness of evening symbolizing distress and sorrow.

[24:11]  ⁹ tn Heb “the joy of the earth disappears.”

[24:12]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and there is left in the city desolation.”

[24:12]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and [into] rubble the gate is crushed.”

[24:13]  ¹² tn Heb “in the midst of” (so KJV, ASV, NASB).

[24:13]  ¹³ sn The judgment will severely reduce the earth’s population. See v. 6.