Yesaya 8:7

8:7 So look, the sovereign master ¹  is bringing up against them the turbulent and mighty waters of the Euphrates River ²  – the king of Assyria and all his majestic power. It will reach flood stage and overflow its banks. ³ 

Yesaya 10:12

10:12 But when ⁴  the sovereign master ⁵  finishes judging ⁶  Mount Zion and Jerusalem, then I ⁷  will punish the king of Assyria for what he has proudly planned and for the arrogant attitude he displays. ⁸ 

Yesaya 16:3

16:3 “Bring a plan, make a decision! ⁹ 

Provide some shade in the middle of the day! ¹⁰ 

Hide the fugitives! Do not betray ¹¹  the one who tries to escape!

Yesaya 29:21

29:21 those who bear false testimony against a person, ¹² 

who entrap the one who arbitrates at the city gate ¹³ 

and deprive the innocent of justice by making false charges. ¹⁴ 

Yesaya 42:6

42:6 “I, the Lord, officially commission you; ¹⁵ 

I take hold of your hand.

I protect you ¹⁶  and make you a covenant mediator for people, ¹⁷ 

and a light ¹⁸  to the nations, ¹⁹ 

Yesaya 58:4

58:4 Look, your fasting is accompanied by ²⁰  arguments, brawls,

and fistfights. ²¹ 

Do not fast as you do today,

trying to make your voice heard in heaven.

[8:7]  ¹ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[8:7]  ² tn Heb “the mighty and abundant waters of the river.” The referent of “the river” here, the Euphrates River, has been specified in the translation for clarity. As the immediately following words indicate, these waters symbolize the Assyrian king and his armies which will, as it were, inundate the land.

[8:7]  ³ tn Heb “it will go up over all its stream beds and go over all its banks.”

[10:12]  ⁴ tn The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

[10:12]  ⁵ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here and in vv. 16, 23, 24, 33 is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[10:12]  ⁶ tn Heb “his work on/against.” Cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV “on”; NIV “against.”

[10:12]  ⁷ tn The Lord is speaking here, as in vv. 5-6a.

[10:12]  ⁸ tn Heb “I will visit [judgment] on the fruit of the greatness of the heart of the king of Assyria, and on the glory of the height of his eyes.” The proud Assyrian king is likened to a large, beautiful fruit tree.

[16:3]  ⁹ sn It is unclear who is being addressed in this verse. Perhaps the prophet, playing the role of a panic stricken Moabite refugee, requests the leaders of Judah (the imperatives are plural) to take pity on the fugitives.

[16:3]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “Make your shade like night in the midst of noonday.” “Shade” here symbolizes shelter, while the heat of noonday represents the intense suffering of the Moabites. By comparing the desired shade to night, the speaker visualizes a huge dark shadow cast by a large tree that would provide relief from the sun’s heat.

[16:3]  ¹¹ tn Heb “disclose, uncover.”

[29:21]  ¹² tn Heb “the ones who make a man a sinner with a word.” The Hiphil of חָטָא (khata’) here has a delocutive sense: “declare a man sinful/guilty.”

[29:21]  ¹³ sn Legal disputes were resolved at the city gate, where the town elders met. See Amos 5:10.

[29:21]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and deprive by emptiness the innocent.”

[42:6]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “call you in righteousness.” The pronoun “you” is masculine singular, referring to the servant. See the note at 41:2.

[42:6]  ¹⁶ tn The translation assumes the verb is derived from the root נָצַר (natsar, “protect”). Some prefer to derive it from the root יָצַר (yatsar, “form”).

[42:6]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “a covenant of people.” A person cannot literally be a covenant; בְּרִית (bÿrit) is probably metonymic here, indicating a covenant mediator. The precise identity of עָם (’am, “people”) is uncertain. In v. 5 עָם refers to mankind, and the following reference to “nations” also favors this. But in 49:8, where the phrase בְּרִית עָם occurs again, Israel seems to be in view.

[42:6]  ¹⁸ sn Light here symbolizes deliverance from bondage and oppression; note the parallelism in 49:6b and in 51:4-6.

[42:6]  ¹⁹ tn Or “the Gentiles” (so KJV, ASV, NIV); the same Hebrew word can be translated “nations” or “Gentiles” depending on the context.

[58:4]  ²⁰ tn Heb “you fast for” (so NASB); NRSV “you fast only to quarrel.”

[58:4]  ²¹ tn Heb “and for striking with a sinful fist.”