Teks -- 1 Kings 20:1-5 (NET)

Ben Hadad Invades Israel

20:1 Now King Ben Hadad of Syria assembled all his army, along with thirty-two other kings with their horses and chariots. He marched against Samaria and besieged and attacked it. 20:2 He sent messengers to King Ahab of Israel, who was in the city. 20:3 He said to him, “This is what Ben Hadad says, ‘Your silver and your gold are mine, as well as the best of your wives and sons.’” 20:4 The king of Israel replied, “It is just as you say, my master, O king. I and all I own belong to you.” 20:5 The messengers came again and said, “This is what Ben Hadad says, ‘I sent this message to you, “You must give me your silver, gold, wives, and sons.”

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per frasa)

Wesley: 1Ki 20:1 - Gathered his host

To war against Israel: wherein his design was to enlarge the conquest which his father had made, but God's design was to punish Israel for their apostacy and idolatry.

Wesley: 1Ki 20:3 - Thy silver, &c.

_I challenge them as my own, and expect to have them forthwith delivered, if thou expect peace with me.

Wesley: 1Ki 20:4 - The king said

I do so far comply with thy demand, that I will own thee for my Lord, and myself for thy vassal, and will hold my wives, and children, and estate, as by thy favour, and with an acknowledgment.

Wesley: 1Ki 20:5 - Saying, &c.

_Although I did before demand not only the dominion of thy treasures, and wives, and children, as thou mayst seem to understand me, but also the actual portion of them; wherewith I would then have been contented.

JFB: 1Ki 20:1 - Ben-hadad the king of Syria

This monarch was the son of that Ben-hadad who, in the reign of Baasha, made a raid on the northern towns of Galilee (1Ki 15:20). The thirty-two kings that were confederate with him were probably tributary princes. The ancient kings of Syria and Phœnicia ruled only over a single city, and were independent of each other, except when one great city, as Damascus, acquired the ascendency, and even then they were allied only in time of war. The Syrian army encamped at the gates and besieged the town of Samaria.|| 09411||1||11||0||@Thus said Ben-hadad, Thy silver and thy gold is mine==--To this message sent him during the siege, Ahab returned a tame and submissive answer, probably thinking it meant no more than an exaction of tribute. But the demand was repeated with greater insolence; and yet, from the abject character of Ahab, there is reason to believe he would have yielded to this arrogant claim also, had not the voice of his subjects been raised against it. Ben-hadad's object in these and other boastful menaces was to intimidate Ahab. But the weak sovereign began to show a little more spirit, as appears in his abandoning "my lord the king" for the single "tell him," and giving him a dry but sarcastic hint to glory no more till the victory is won. Kindling into a rage at the cool defiance, Ben-hadad gave orders for the immediate sack of the city.

Clarke: 1Ki 20:1 - Ben-hadad

Ben-hadad - Several MSS., and some early printed editions, have Ben-hadar, or the son of Hadar, as the Septuagint. He is supposed to be the same whom Asa stirred up against the king of Israel, 1Ki 15:18; or, as others, his son or grandson

Clarke: 1Ki 20:1 - Thirty and two kings

Thirty and two kings - Tributary chieftains of Syria and the adjacent countries. In former times every town and city had its independent chieftain. Both the Septuagint and Josephus place this war after the history of Naboth.

Clarke: 1Ki 20:4 - I am thine, and all that I have

I am thine, and all that I have - He probably hoped by this humiliation to soften this barbarous king, and perhaps to get better conditions.

Defender: 1Ki 20:1 - Ben-hadad

There were three Syrian kings named Ben-Hadad, all of whom appear in the Biblical narratives (1Ki 15:18; 2Ki 13:24). It seems to have been used by Jeremiah as a general name for all the Syrian kings (Jer 49:27)."

TSK: 1Ki 20:1 - Benhadad // Thirty and two // and horses // besieged

am 3103, bc 901

Benhadad : 1Ki 15:18, 1Ki 15:20; 2Ki 8:7-10; 2Ch 16:2-4; Jer 49:27; Amo 1:4

Thirty and two : 1Ki 20:16, 1Ki 20:24; Gen 14:1-5; Jdg 1:7; Ezr 7:12; Isa 10:8; Eze 26:7; Dan 2:37

and horses : Exo 14:7; Deu 20:1; Jdg 4:3; 1Sa 13:5; Isa 37:24

besieged : Lev 26:25; Deu 28:52; 2Ki 6:24-29, 2Ki 17:5, 2Ki 17:6

TSK: 1Ki 20:2

2Ki 19:9; Isa. 36:2-22, Isa 37:9, Isa 37:10

TSK: 1Ki 20:3

Exo 15:9; Isa 10:13, Isa 10:14

TSK: 1Ki 20:4 - I am thine

I am thine : Lev 26:36; Deu 28:48; Jdg 15:11-13; 1Sa 13:6, 1Sa 13:7; 2Ki 18:14-16

Tafsiran/Catatan -- Catatan Kata/Frasa (per Ayat)

Poole: 1Ki 20:1 - Ben-hadad // Gathered all his host together

Ben-hadad called Adad by Josephus, and Ader by the LXX., and Adores by Justin; such changes of names being usual in their translations into other languages, and by other authors.

Gathered all his host together to war against Israel; wherein his design was to amplify the conquests which his father had made, 1Ki 15:20 , but God’ s design was to punish Israel for their apostacy and idolatry. Thirty and two kings petty kings, such as were in Canaan in Joshua’ s time, who indeed were no more than governors of cities or small territories. These were either subject or tributary to Ben-hadad, or hired by him.

Poole: 1Ki 20:3

I challenge them as my own, and accordingly expect to have them forthwith delivered into my possession, if thou expectest peace with me.

Poole: 1Ki 20:4

I do so far comply with thy demand, that I will own thee for my lord, and myself for thy vassal and tributary; and will hold my wives, and children, and estate as by thy favour, and with an acknowledgment. But it is not likely that he would deliver up his wives and children into the barbarian’ s hand, or that his proud and imperious wife Jezebel would permit him to do so.

Poole: 1Ki 20:5

Although I did before demand not only the dominion of thy treasures, and wives, and children, as thou mayest seem to understand me, but also the propriety and actual possession of them, wherewith I would then have been contented;

Haydock: 1Ki 20:1 - And // Kings

And. The Roman Septuagint and Josephus place this war after the account of Naboth, chap. xxi. But the Alexandrian copy follows the order of the Hebrew. (Haydock) ---

The style Benadad, "the son of Ader." He succeeded (ver. 34.) the king who attacked Baasa, chap. xv. 18. We know not the time nor the occasion of this war. (Calmet) ---

Probably Achab had refused to pay tribute, and God had a mint to try if his obstinacy would yield to kindness, ver. 13., and 28. (Salien, the year before Christ 919.) ---

Kings. Almost every city had one.

Haydock: 1Ki 20:3 - Mine

Mine. He had a desire to dispose of them, as he though proper. Achab was willing to pay tribute, to remove the impending danger. (Calmet)

Haydock: 1Ki 20:4 - Have

Have. Achab is not in earnest, but strives to pacify the barbarian. (Menochius)

Gill: 1Ki 20:1 - And Benhadad the king of Syria gathered all his host together // and there were thirty and two kings with him // and horses and chariots // and he went up and besieged Samaria, and warred against it

And Benhadad the king of Syria gathered all his host together,.... This was Benhadad the second, the son of that Benhadad, to whom Asa sent to help him against Baasha, 1Ki 15:18.

and there were thirty and two kings with him; these were heads of families, so called, and at most governors of cities under Benhadad; petty princes, such as were in the land of Canaan in Joshua's time:

and horses and chariots; how many is not said:

and he went up and besieged Samaria, and warred against it; he went up with such an intent, but had not as yet done it in form; what moved him to it cannot be said precisely, whether an ambitious view of enlarging his dominions, or because the king of Israel paid not the tribute his father had imposed upon him, see 1Ki 20:34, however, so it was, through the providence of God, as a scourge to Ahab for his impiety.

Gill: 1Ki 20:2 - And he sent messengers to Ahab king of Israel, into the city // and said unto him, thus saith Benhadad

And he sent messengers to Ahab king of Israel, into the city,.... Who there remained, and attempted not to go forth and meet him, and stop his progress, though he must have passed great part of his dominions to come to Samaria:

and said unto him, thus saith Benhadad; by them, his messengers, as follows.

Gill: 1Ki 20:3 - Thy silver and thy gold is mine // and thy wives also // and thy children // even the goodliest are mine

Thy silver and thy gold is mine,.... Not of right, but reckoning it as good as in his hands, Ahab not being able to resist him:

and thy wives also; for it seems he had more than Jezebel:

and thy children; which were many, for he had no less than seventy sons, 2Ki 10:1,

even the goodliest are mine: some aggravate this, as if his view was to commit the unnatural sin with his male children, when in his possession.

Gill: 1Ki 20:4 - And the king of Israel answered and said, my lord, O king // according to thy saying, I am thine, and all that I have

And the king of Israel answered and said, my lord, O king,.... So he said to Benhadad's messengers, representing him, as acknowledging his sovereignty over him:

according to thy saying, I am thine, and all that I have: which he understood of holding all that he had of him, by giving him homage, and paying him tribute; not that he was to deliver all his substance, and especially his wives and children, into his hands.

Gill: 1Ki 20:5 - And the messengers came again // and said, thus speaketh Benhadad, saying, although I have sent unto thee, saying // thou shalt deliver me thy silver, and thy gold, and thy wives, and thy children

And the messengers came again,.... From Benhadad:

and said, thus speaketh Benhadad, saying, although I have sent unto thee, saying: at the first message:

thou shalt deliver me thy silver, and thy gold, and thy wives, and thy children; into his possession, and not as Ahab understood it, that he should be his vassal, and pay a yearly tribute for his quiet enjoyment of them; yet even this he would not now abide by, growing still more haughty upon the mean submission of Ahab, as by what follows.