Galatia 2:14

2:14 But when I saw that they were not behaving consistently with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas ¹  in front of them all, “If you, although you are a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you try to force ²  the Gentiles to live like Jews?”

Galatia 3:15

Inheritance Comes from Promises and not Law

3:15 Brothers and sisters, ³  I offer an example from everyday life: ⁴  When a covenant ⁵  has been ratified, ⁶  even though it is only a human contract, no one can set it aside or add anything to it.

Galatia 6:12

6:12 Those who want to make a good showing in external matters ⁷  are trying to force you to be circumcised. They do so ⁸  only to avoid being persecuted ⁹  for the cross of Christ.

Galatia 4:23

4:23 But one, the son by the slave woman, was born by natural descent, ¹⁰  while the other, the son by the free woman, was born through the promise.

Galatia 4:29

4:29 But just as at that time the one born by natural descent ¹¹  persecuted the one born according to the Spirit, ¹²  so it is now.

Galatia 1:11

Paul’s Vindication of His Apostleship

1:11 Now ¹³  I want you to know, brothers and sisters, ¹⁴  that the gospel I preached is not of human origin. ¹⁵ 

Galatia 3:13

3:13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming ¹⁶  a curse for us (because it is written, “Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree”) ¹⁷ 

Galatia 3:18

3:18 For if the inheritance is based on the law, it is no longer based on the promise, but God graciously gave ¹⁸  it to Abraham through the promise.

Galatia 1:22

1:22 But I was personally ¹⁹  unknown to the churches of Judea that are in Christ.

Galatia 5:19

5:19 Now the works of the flesh ²⁰  are obvious: ²¹  sexual immorality, impurity, depravity,

Galatia 2:11

Paul Rebukes Peter

2:11 But when Cephas ²²  came to Antioch, ²³  I opposed him to his face, because he had clearly done wrong. ²⁴ 

Galatia 3:6

3:6 Just as Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness, ²⁵ 

Galatia 3:12

3:12 But the law is not based on faith, ²⁶  but the one who does the works of the law ²⁷  will live by them. ²⁸ 

Galatia 6:17

6:17 From now on let no one cause me trouble, for I bear the marks of Jesus on my body. ²⁹ 

Galatia 2:4

2:4 Now this matter arose ³⁰  because of the false brothers with false pretenses ³¹  who slipped in unnoticed to spy on ³²  our freedom that we have in Christ Jesus, to make us slaves. ³³ 

Galatia 4:24

4:24 These things may be treated as an allegory, ³⁴  for these women represent two covenants. One is from Mount Sinai bearing children for slavery; this is Hagar.

Galatia 2:2

2:2 I went there ³⁵  because of ³⁶  a revelation and presented ³⁷  to them the gospel that I preach among the Gentiles. But I did so ³⁸  only in a private meeting with the influential people, ³⁹  to make sure that I was not running – or had not run ⁴⁰  – in vain.

Galatia 1:10

1:10 Am I now trying to gain the approval of people, ⁴¹  or of God? Or am I trying to please people? ⁴²  If I were still trying to please ⁴³  people, ⁴⁴  I would not be a slave ⁴⁵  of Christ!

Galatia 3:2

3:2 The only thing I want to learn from you is this: Did you receive the Spirit by doing the works of the law ⁴⁶  or by believing what you heard? ⁴⁷ 

Galatia 4:20

4:20 I wish I could be with you now and change my tone of voice, ⁴⁸  because I am perplexed about you.

Galatia 6:1

Support One Another

6:1 Brothers and sisters, ⁴⁹  if a person ⁵⁰  is discovered in some sin, ⁵¹  you who are spiritual ⁵²  restore such a person in a spirit of gentleness. ⁵³  Pay close attention ⁵⁴  to yourselves, so that you are not tempted too.

[2:14]  ¹ sn Cephas. This individual is generally identified with the Apostle Peter (L&N 93.211).

[2:14]  ² tn Here ἀναγκάζεις (anankazei") has been translated as a conative present (see ExSyn 534).

[3:15]  ³ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:11.

[3:15]  ⁴ tn Grk “I speak according to man,” referring to the illustration that follows.

[3:15]  ⁵ tn The same Greek word, διαθήκη (diaqhkh), can mean either “covenant” or “will,” but in this context the former is preferred here because Paul is discussing in vv. 16-18 the Abrahamic covenant.

[3:15]  ⁶ tn Or “has been put into effect.”

[6:12]  ⁷ tn Grk “in the flesh.” L&N 88.236 translates the phrase “those who force you to be circumcised are those who wish to make a good showing in external matters.”

[6:12]  ⁸ tn Grk “to be circumcised, only.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started with the words “They do so,” which were supplied to make a complete English sentence.

[6:12]  ⁹ tc ‡ Grk “so that they will not be persecuted.” The indicative after ἵνα μή (Jina mh) is unusual (though not unexampled elsewhere in the NT), making it the harder reading. The evidence is fairly evenly split between the indicative διώκονται (diwkontai; Ì⁴⁶ A C F G K L P 0278 6 81 104 326 629 1175 1505 pm) and the subjunctive διώκωνται (diwkwntai; א B D Ψ 33 365 1739 pm), with a slight preference for the subjunctive. However, since scribes would tend to change the indicative to a subjunctive due to syntactical requirements, the internal evidence is decidedly on the side of the indicative, suggesting that it is original.

[4:23]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “born according to the flesh”; BDAG 916 s.v. σάρξ 4 has “Of natural descent τὰ τέκνα τῆς σαρκός children by natural descent Ro 9:8 (opp. τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐπαγγελίας). ὁ μὲν ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης κατὰ σάρκα γεγέννηται Gal 4:23; cp. vs. 29.”

[4:29]  ¹¹ tn Grk “according to the flesh”; see the note on the phrase “by natural descent” in 4:23.

[4:29]  ¹² tn Or “the one born by the Spirit’s [power].”

[1:11]  ¹³ tc ‡ The conjunction δέ (de) is found in Ì⁴⁶ א*^,2 A D¹ Ψ 1739 1881 Ï sy bo, while γάρ (gar) is the conjunction of choice in א¹ B D*^,c F G 33 pc lat sa. There are thus good representatives on each side. Scribes generally tended to prefer γάρ in such instances, most likely because it was more forceful and explicit. γάρ is thus seen as a motivated reading. For this reason, δέ is preferred.

[1:11]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” as here (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelfoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited).

[1:11]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “is not according to man.”

[3:13]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “having become”; the participle γενόμενος (genomenos) has been taken instrumentally.

[3:13]  ¹⁷ sn A quotation from Deut 21:23. By figurative extension the Greek word translated tree (ζύλον, zulon) can also be used to refer to a cross (L&N 6.28), the Roman instrument of execution.

[3:18]  ¹⁸ tn On the translation “graciously gave” for χαρίζομαι (carizomai) see L&N 57.102.

[1:22]  ¹⁹ tn Or “by sight”; Grk “by face.”

[5:19]  ²⁰ tn See the note on the word “flesh” in Gal 5:13.

[5:19]  ²¹ tn Or “clear,” “evident.”

[2:11]  ²² sn Cephas. This individual is generally identified with the Apostle Peter (L&N 93.211).

[2:11]  ²³ map For location see JP1 F2; JP2 F2; JP3 F2; JP4 F2.

[2:11]  ²⁴ tn Grk “because he stood condemned.”

[3:6]  ²⁵ sn A quotation from Gen 15:6.

[3:12]  ²⁶ tn Grk “is not from faith.”

[3:12]  ²⁷ tn Grk “who does these things”; the referent (the works of the law, see 3:5) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[3:12]  ²⁸ sn A quotation from Lev 18:5. The phrase the works of the law is an editorial expansion on the Greek text (see previous note); it has been left as normal typeface to indicate it is not part of the OT text.

[6:17]  ²⁹ tn Paul is probably referring to scars from wounds received in the service of Jesus, although the term στίγμα (stigma) may imply ownership and suggest these scars served as brands (L&N 8.55; 33.481; 90.84).

[2:4]  ³⁰ tn No subject and verb are expressed in vv. 4-5, but the phrase “Now this matter arose,” implied from v. 3, was supplied to make a complete English sentence.

[2:4]  ³¹ tn The adjective παρεισάκτους (pareisaktou"), which relates to someone joining a group with false motives or false pretenses, applies to the “false brothers.” Although the expression “false brothers with false pretenses” is somewhat redundant, it captures the emphatic force of Paul’s expression, which labels both these “brothers” as false (ψευδαδέλφους, yeudadelfou") as well as their motives. See L&N 34.29 for more information.

[2:4]  ³² tn The verb translated here as “spy on” (κατασκοπέω, kataskopew) can have a neutral nuance, but here the connotation is certainly negative (so F. F. Bruce, Galatians [NIGTC], 112-13, and E. Burton, Galatians [ICC], 83).

[2:4]  ³³ tn Grk “in order that they might enslave us.” The ἵνα (Jina) clause with the subjunctive verb καταδουλώσουσιν (katadoulwsousin) has been translated as an English infinitival clause.

[4:24]  ³⁴ tn Grk “which things are spoken about allegorically.” Paul is not saying the OT account is an allegory, but rather that he is constructing an allegory based on the OT account.

[2:2]  ³⁵ tn Grk “I went up”; one always spoke idiomatically of going “up” to Jerusalem.

[2:2]  ³⁶ tn Or “in accordance with.” According to BDAG 512 s.v. κατά B.5.a.δ, “Oft. the norm is at the same time the reason, so that in accordance with and because of are merged…Instead of ‘in accordance w.’ κ. can mean simply because of, as a result of, on the basis of…κ. ἀποκάλυψιν Gal 2:2.”

[2:2]  ³⁷ tn Or “set before them.”

[2:2]  ³⁸ tn Grk “Gentiles, but only privately…to make sure.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started with “But” and the words “I did so,” an implied repetition from the previous clause, were supplied to make a complete English sentence.

[2:2]  ³⁹ tn L&N 87.42 has “important persons, influential persons, prominent persons” for οἱ δοκοῦντες and translates this phrase in Gal 2:2 as “in a private meeting with the prominent persons.” The “prominent people” referred to here are the leaders of the Jerusalem church.

[2:2]  ⁴⁰ tn Here the first verb (τρέχω, trecw, “was not running”) is present subjunctive, while the second (ἔδραμον, edramon, “had not run”) is aorist indicative.

[1:10]  ⁴¹ tn Grk “of men”; but here ἀνθρώπους (anqrwpou") is used in a generic sense of both men and women.

[1:10]  ⁴² tn Grk “men”; but here ἀνθρώποις (anqrwpoi") is used in a generic sense of both men and women.

[1:10]  ⁴³ tn The imperfect verb has been translated conatively (ExSyn 550).

[1:10]  ⁴⁴ tn Grk “men”; but here ἀνθρώποις (anqrwpoi") is used in a generic sense of both men and women.

[1:10]  ⁴⁵ tn Traditionally, “servant” or “bondservant.” Though δοῦλος (doulos) is normally translated “servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. BDAG notes that “‘servant’ for ‘slave’ is largely confined to Biblical transl. and early American times…in normal usage at the present time the two words are carefully distinguished” (BDAG 260 s.v.). The most accurate translation is “bondservant” (sometimes found in the ASV for δοῦλος), in that it often indicates one who sells himself into slavery to another. But as this is archaic, few today understand its force.

[1:10]  sn Undoubtedly the background for the concept of being the Lord’s slave or servant is to be found in the Old Testament scriptures. For a Jew this concept did not connote drudgery, but honor and privilege. It was used of national Israel at times (Isa 43:10), but was especially associated with famous OT personalities, including such great men as Moses (Josh 14:7), David (Ps 89:3; cf. 2 Sam 7:5, 8) and Elijah (2 Kgs 10:10); all these men were “servants (or slaves) of the Lord.”

[3:2]  ⁴⁶ tn Grk “by [the] works of [the] law,” a reference to observing the Mosaic law.

[3:2]  ⁴⁷ tn Grk “by [the] hearing of faith.”

[4:20]  ⁴⁸ tn Grk “voice” or “tone.” The contemporary English expression “tone of voice” is a good approximation to the meaning here.

[6:1]  ⁴⁹ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:11.

[6:1]  ⁵⁰ tn Here ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used in a generic sense, referring to both men and women.

[6:1]  ⁵¹ tn Or “some transgression” (L&N 88.297).

[6:1]  ⁵² sn Who are spiritual refers to people who are controlled and directed by God’s Spirit.

[6:1]  ⁵³ tn Or “with a gentle spirit” or “gently.”

[6:1]  ⁵⁴ tn Grk “taking careful notice.”