Kejadian 37:28

37:28 So when the Midianite ¹  merchants passed by, Joseph’s brothers pulled ²  him ³  out of the cistern and sold him to the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver. The Ishmaelites ⁴  then took Joseph to Egypt.

Keluaran 21:16

21:16 “Whoever kidnaps someone ⁵  and sells him, ⁶  or is caught still holding him, ⁷  must surely be put to death.

Ulangan 24:7

24:7 If a man is found kidnapping a person from among his fellow Israelites, ⁸  and regards him as mere property ⁹  and sells him, that kidnapper ¹⁰  must die. In this way you will purge ¹¹  evil from among you.

Ulangan 24:1

24:1 If a man marries a woman and she does not please him because he has found something offensive ¹²  in her, then he may draw up a divorce document, give it to her, and evict her from his house.

Titus 1:10

1:10 For there are many ¹³  rebellious people, idle talkers, and deceivers, especially those with Jewish connections, ¹⁴ 

[37:28]  ¹ sn On the close relationship between Ishmaelites (v. 25) and Midianites, see Judg 8:24.

[37:28]  ² tn Heb “they drew and they lifted up.” The referent (Joseph’s brothers) has been specified in the translation for clarity; otherwise the reader might assume the Midianites had pulled Joseph from the cistern (but cf. NAB).

[37:28]  ³ tn Heb “Joseph” (both here and in the following clause); the proper name has been replaced both times by the pronoun “him” in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[37:28]  ⁴ tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Ishmaelites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[21:16]  ⁵ tn Heb “a stealer of a man,” thus “anyone stealing a man.”

[21:16]  ⁶ sn The implication is that it would be an Israelite citizen who was kidnapped and sold to a foreign tribe or country (like Joseph). There was always a market for slaves. The crime would be in forcibly taking the individual away from his home and religion and putting him into bondage or death.

[21:16]  ⁷ tn Literally “and he is found in his hand” (KJV and ASV both similar), being not yet sold.

[24:7]  ⁸ tn Heb “from his brothers, from the sons of Israel.” The terms “brothers” and “sons of Israel” are in apposition; the second defines the first more specifically.

[24:7]  ⁹ tn Or “and enslaves him.”

[24:7]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “that thief.”

[24:7]  ¹¹ tn Heb “burn.” See note on the word “purge” in Deut 19:19.

[24:1]  ¹² tn Heb “nakedness of a thing.” The Hebrew phrase עֶרְוַת דָּבָר (’ervat davar) refers here to some gross sexual impropriety (see note on “indecent” in Deut 23:14). Though the term usually has to do only with indecent exposure of the genitals, it can also include such behavior as adultery (cf. Lev 18:6-18; 20:11, 17, 20-21; Ezek 22:10; 23:29; Hos 2:10).

[1:10]  ¹³ tc ‡ The earliest and best mss lack καί (kai) after πολλοί (polloi; so א A C P 088 81 104 365 614 629 630 al sy co), though the conjunction is found in several significant witnesses, chiefly of the Western and Byzantine texts (D F G I Ψ 33 1739 1881 Ï lat). Although it is possible that some scribes omitted the word, thinking it was superfluous, it is also possible that others added the conjunction for clarification. Judging by the pedigree of the witnesses and the inconclusiveness of the internal evidence, the shorter reading is considered to be most likely original. NA²⁷ puts the conjunction in brackets, indicating some doubts as to its authenticity.

[1:10]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “those of the circumcision.” Some translations take this to refer to Jewish converts to Christianity (cf. NAB “Jewish Christians”; TEV “converts from Judaism”; CEV “Jewish followers”) while others are less clear (cf. NLT “those who insist on circumcision for salvation”).