Imamat 19:11-23
Konteks19:11 “‘You must not steal, you must not tell lies, and you must not deal falsely with your fellow citizen. 1 19:12 You must not swear falsely 2 in my name, so that you do not profane 3 the name of your God. I am the Lord. 19:13 You must not oppress your neighbor or commit robbery against him. 4 You must not withhold 5 the wages of the hired laborer overnight until morning. 19:14 You must not curse a deaf person or put a stumbling block in front of a blind person. 6 You must fear 7 your God; I am the Lord.
19:15 “‘You 8 must not deal unjustly in judgment: 9 you must neither show partiality to the poor nor honor the rich. 10 You must judge your fellow citizen fairly. 11 19:16 You must not go about as a slanderer among your people. 12 You must not stand idly by when your neighbor’s life is at stake. 13 I am the Lord. 19:17 You must not hate your brother in your heart. You must surely reprove your fellow citizen so that you do not incur sin on account of him. 14 19:18 You must not take vengeance or bear a grudge 15 against the children of your people, but you must love your neighbor as yourself. 16 I am the Lord. 19:19 You must keep my statutes. You must not allow two different kinds of your animals to breed, 17 you must not sow your field with two different kinds of seed, and you must not wear 18 a garment made of two different kinds of fabric. 19
19:20 “‘When a man has sexual intercourse with a woman, 20 although she is a slave woman designated for another man and she has not yet been ransomed, or freedom has not been granted to her, there will be an obligation to pay compensation. 21 They must not be put to death, because she was not free. 19:21 He must bring his guilt offering to the Lord at the entrance of the Meeting Tent, a guilt offering ram, 22 19:22 and the priest is to make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering before the Lord for his sin that he has committed, 23 and he will be forgiven 24 of his sin 25 that he has committed.
19:23 “‘When you enter the land and plant any fruit tree, 26 you must consider its fruit to be forbidden. 27 Three years it will be forbidden to you; 28 it must not be eaten.
Imamat 19:33-37
Konteks19:33 When a foreigner resides 29 with you in your land, you must not oppress him. 19:34 The foreigner who resides with you must be to you like a native citizen among you; so 30 you must love him as yourself, because you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God. 19:35 You must not do injustice in the regulation of measures, whether of length, weight, or volume. 31 19:36 You must have honest balances, 32 honest weights, an honest ephah, and an honest hin. 33 I am the Lord your God who brought you out from the land of Egypt. 19:37 You must be sure to obey all my statutes and regulations. 34 I am the Lord.’”
[19:11] 1 tn Heb “you shall not deal falsely a man with his fellow citizen.”
[19:12] 2 tn Heb “And you shall not swear to the falsehood.”
[19:12] 3 tn Heb “and you shall not profane”; NAB “thus profaning.”
[19:13] 4 tn Heb “You shall not oppress your neighbor and you shall not rob.”
[19:13] 5 tn Heb “hold back with you”; perhaps “hold back for yourself” (cf. NRSV “keep for yourself”).
[19:14] 6 tn Heb “You shall not curse a deaf [person] and before a blind [person] you shall not put a stumbling block.”
[19:14] 7 tn Heb “And you shall fear.” Many English versions (e.g., KJV, ASV, NAB, NASB, NIV) regard the Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) as adversative in force here (“but”).
[19:15] 8 tc Smr has the singular rather than the plural “you” of the MT, which brings this verb form into line with the ones surrounding it.
[19:15] 9 tn Heb “You shall not do injustice in judgment” (NASB similar); cf. NIV “do not pervert justice.”
[19:15] 10 tn Heb “You shall not lift up faces of poor [people] and you shall not honor faces of great.”
[19:15] 11 tn Heb “In righteousness you shall judge your fellow citizen.”
[19:16] 12 tn The term רָכִיל (rakhil) is traditionally rendered “slanderer” here (so NASB, NIV, NRSV; see also J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 304, 316), but the exact meaning is uncertain (see the discussion in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 129). It is sometimes related to I רָכַל (“to go about as a trader [or “merchant”]”; BDB 940 s.v. רָכַל), and taken to refer to cutthroat business dealings, but there may be a II רָכַל, the meaning of which is dubious (HALOT 1237 s.v. II *רכל). Some would render it “to go about as a spy.”
[19:16] 13 tn Heb “You shall not stand on the blood of your neighbor.” This part of the verse is also difficult to interpret. The rendering here suggests that one will not allow a neighbor to be victimized, whether in court (cf. v. 15) or in any other situation (see the discussion in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 129).
[19:17] 14 tn Heb “and you will not lift up on him sin.” The meaning of the line is somewhat obscure. It means either (1) that one should rebuke one’s neighbor when he sins lest one also becomes guilty, which is the way it is rendered here (see NIV, NRSV, NEB, JB; see also B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 129-30, and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 303, and the discussion on pp. 316-17), or (2) one may rebuke one’s neighbor without incurring sin just as long as he does not hate him in his heart (see the first part of the verse; cf. NASB, NAB).
[19:18] 15 tn Heb “and you shall not retain [anger?].” This line seems to refer to the retaining or maintaining of some vengeful feelings toward someone. Compare the combination of the same terms for taking vengeance and maintaining wrath against enemies in Nahum 1:2 (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 305).
[19:18] 16 sn Some scholars make a distinction between the verb אָהַב (’ahav, “to love”) with the direct object and the more unusual construction with the preposition לְ (lamed) as it is here and in Lev 19:34 and 2 Chr 19:2 only. If there is a distinction, the construction here probably calls for direct and helpful action toward one’s neighbor (see the discussion in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 305, and esp. 317-18). Such love stands in contrast to taking vengeance or bearing a grudge against someone and, in NT terms, amounts to fulfilling the so-called “golden rule” (Matt 7:12).
[19:19] 17 tn Heb “Your animals, you shall not cross-breed two different kinds.”
[19:19] 18 tn Heb “you shall not cause to go up on you.”
[19:19] 19 sn Cf. Deut 22:11 where the Hebrew term translated “two different kinds” (כִּלְאַיִם, kil’ayim) refers to a mixture of linen and wool woven together in a garment.
[19:20] 20 tn Heb “And a man when he lies with a woman the lying of seed.”
[19:20] 21 sn That is, the woman had previously been assigned for marriage to another man but the marriage deal had not yet been consummated. In the meantime, the woman has lost her virginity and has, therefore, lost part of her value to the master in the sale to the man for whom she had been designated. Compensation was, therefore, required (see the explanation in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 130-31).
[19:21] 22 sn On the guilt offering see the note on Lev 5:15 above.
[19:22] 23 tn Heb “on his sin which he has sinned.”
[19:22] 24 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him.”
[19:22] 25 tn Heb “from his sin.”
[19:23] 26 tn Heb “tree of food”; KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV “trees for food.”
[19:23] 27 tn Heb “you shall circumcise its fruit [as] its foreskin,” taking the fruit to be that which is to be removed and, therefore, forbidden. Since the fruit is uncircumcised it is forbidden (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 306, and esp. B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 131-32).
[19:23] 28 tn Heb “it shall be to you uncircumcised.”
[19:33] 29 tn Heb “And when a sojourner sojourns.”
[19:34] 30 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have resultative force here.
[19:35] 31 tn That is, liquid capacity (HALOT 640 s.v. מְשׂוּרָה). Cf. ASV, NIV, NRSV, TEV “quantity”; NAB, NASB “capacity.”
[19:36] 32 tn Heb “balances of righteousness,” and so throughout this sentence.
[19:36] 33 sn An ephah is a dry measure which measures about four gallons, or perhaps one third of a bushel, while a hin is a liquid measure of about 3.6 liters (= approximately 1 quart).
[19:37] 34 tn Heb “And you shall keep all my statutes and all my regulations and you shall do them.” This appears to be a kind of verbal hendiadys, where the first verb is a modifier of the action of the second verb (see GKC 386 §120.d, although שָׁמַר [shamar, “to keep”] is not cited there; cf. Lev 22:31).
