Kisah Para Rasul 3:15

3:15 You killed ¹  the Originator ²  of life, whom God raised ³  from the dead. To this fact we are witnesses! ⁴ 

Kisah Para Rasul 13:31

13:31 and ⁵  for many days he appeared to those who had accompanied ⁶  him from Galilee to Jerusalem. These ⁷  are now his witnesses to the people.

Kisah Para Rasul 22:28

22:28 The commanding officer ⁸  answered, “I acquired this citizenship with a large sum of money.” ⁹  “But I was even ¹⁰  born a citizen,” ¹¹  Paul replied. ¹² 

Kisah Para Rasul 28:11

Paul Finally Reaches Rome

28:11 After three months we put out to sea ¹³  in an Alexandrian ship that had wintered at the island and had the “Heavenly Twins” ¹⁴  as its figurehead. ¹⁵ 

[3:15]  ¹ tn Or “You put to death.”

[3:15]  ² tn Or “Founder,” “founding Leader.”

[3:15]  ³ sn Whom God raised. God is the main actor here, as he testifies to Jesus and vindicates him.

[3:15]  ⁴ tn Grk “whom God raised from the dead, of which we are witnesses.” The two consecutive relative clauses make for awkward English style, so the second was begun as a new sentence with the words “to this fact” supplied in place of the Greek relative pronoun to make a complete sentence in English.

[3:15]  sn We are witnesses. Note the two witnesses here, Peter and John (Acts 5:32; Heb 2:3-4).

[13:31]  ⁵ tn Grk “who.” The relative pronoun (“who”) was replaced by the conjunction “and” and the pronoun “he” at this point to improve the English style.

[13:31]  ⁶ sn Those who had accompanied him refers to the disciples, who knew Jesus in ministry. Luke is aware of resurrection appearances in Galilee though he did not relate any of them in Luke 24.

[13:31]  ⁷ tn Grk “who.” The relative pronoun (“who”) was replaced by the demonstrative pronoun “these” and a new sentence was begun in the translation at this point to improve the English style, due to the length of the sentence in Greek and the awkwardness of two relative clauses (“who for many days appeared” and “who are now his witnesses”) following one another.

[22:28]  ⁸ tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 24.

[22:28]  ⁹ sn Sometimes Roman citizenship was purchased through a bribe (Dio Cassius, Roman History 60.17.4-9). That may well have been the case here.

[22:28]  ¹⁰ tn BDAG 495-96 s.v. καί 2.b has “intensive: even…Ac 5:39; 22:28.”

[22:28]  ¹¹ tn The word “citizen” is supplied here for emphasis and clarity.

[22:28]  sn Paul’s reference to being born a citizen suggests he inherited his Roman citizenship from his family.

[22:28]  ¹² tn Grk “Paul said.” This phrase has been placed at the end of the sentence in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[28:11]  ¹³ tn BDAG 62 s.v. ἀνάγω 4, “as a nautical t.t. (ἀ. τὴν ναῦν put a ship to sea), mid. or pass. ἀνάγεσθαι to begin to go by boat, put out to sea.”

[28:11]  ¹⁴ tn Or “the ‘Twin Gods’”; Grk “the Dioscuri” (a joint name for the pagan deities Castor and Pollux).

[28:11]  sn That had the ‘Heavenly Twins’ as its figurehead. The twin brothers Castor and Pollux, known collectively as the Dioscuri or ‘Heavenly Twins,’ were the twin sons of Zeus and Leda according to Greek mythology. The Alexandrian ship on which Paul and his companions sailed from Malta had a carved emblem or figurehead of these figures, and they would have been the patron deities of the vessel. Castor and Pollux were the “gods of navigation.” To see their stars was considered a good omen (Epictetus, Discourses 2.18.29; Lucian of Samosata, The Ship 9).

[28:11]  ¹⁵ tn Or “as its emblem.”