Amsal 3:31
Konteks3:31 Do not envy a violent man, 1
and do not choose to imitate 2 any of his ways;
Amsal 4:17
Konteks4:17 For they eat bread 3 gained from wickedness 4
and drink wine obtained from violence. 5
Mikha 2:1-2
Konteks2:1 Those who devise sinful plans are as good as dead, 6
those who dream about doing evil as they lie in bed. 7
As soon as morning dawns they carry out their plans, 8
because they have the power to do so.
2:2 They confiscate the fields they desire,
and seize the houses they want. 9
They defraud people of their homes, 10
and deprive people of the land they have inherited. 11
Mikha 3:5
Konteks3:5 This is what the Lord says: “The prophets who mislead my people
are as good as dead. 12
If someone gives them enough to eat,
they offer an oracle of peace. 13
But if someone does not give them food,
they are ready to declare war on him. 14
Yakobus 5:4-6
Konteks5:4 Look, the pay you have held back from the workers who mowed your fields cries out against you, and the cries of the reapers have reached the ears of the Lord of hosts. 5:5 You have lived indulgently and luxuriously on the earth. You have fattened your hearts in a day of slaughter. 15 5:6 You have condemned and murdered the righteous person, although he does not resist you. 16
[3:31] 1 tn Heb “a man of violence.” The noun חָמָס (khamas, “violence”) functions as an attributive genitive. The word itself means “violence, wrong” (HALOT 329 s.v.) and refers to physical violence, social injustice, harsh treatment, wild ruthlessness, injurious words, hatred, and general rudeness (BDB 329 s.v.).
[3:31] 2 tn Heb “do not choose.”
[4:17] 3 tn The noun is a cognate accusative stressing that they consume wickedness.
[4:17] 4 tn Heb “the bread of wickedness” (so KJV, NAB, NIV, NRSV). There are two ways to take the genitives: (1) genitives of apposition: wickedness and violence are their food and drink (cf. TEV, CEV, NLT), or (2) genitives of source: they derive their livelihood from the evil they do (C. H. Toy, Proverbs [ICC], 93).
[4:17] 5 tn Heb “the wine of violence” (so KJV, NAB, NIV, NRSV). This is a genitive of source, meaning that the wine they drink was plundered from their violent crime. The Hebrew is structured in an AB:BA chiasm: “For they eat the bread of wickedness, and the wine of violence they drink.” The word order in the translation is reversed for the sake of smoothness and readability.
[2:1] 6 tn Heb “Woe to those who plan sin.” The Hebrew term הוֹי (hoy, “woe”; “ah”) was a cry used in mourning the dead.
[2:1] 7 tn Heb “those who do evil upon their beds.”
[2:1] 8 tn Heb “at the light of morning they do it.”
[2:2] 9 tn Heb “they desire fields and rob [them], and houses and take [them] away.”
[2:2] 10 tn Heb “and they oppress a man and his home.”
[2:2] 11 tn Heb “and a man and his inheritance.” The verb עָשַׁק (’ashaq, “to oppress”; “to wrong”) does double duty in the parallel structure and is understood by ellipsis in the second line.
[3:5] 12 tn Heb “concerning the prophets, those who mislead my people.” The first person pronominal suffix is awkward in a quotation formula that introduces the words of the
[3:5] 13 tn Heb “those who bite with their teeth and cry out, ‘peace.’” The phrase “bite with the teeth” is taken here as idiomatic for eating. Apparently these prophets were driven by mercenary motives. If they were paid well, they gave positive oracles to their clients, but if someone could not afford to pay them, they were hostile and delivered oracles of doom.
[3:5] 14 tn Heb “but [as for the one] who does not place [food] in their mouths, they prepare for war against him.”
[5:5] 15 sn James’ point seems to be that instead of seeking deliverance from condemnation, they have defied God’s law (fattened your hearts) and made themselves more likely objects of his judgment (in a day of slaughter).
[5:6] 16 tn Literally a series of verbs without connectives, “you have condemned, you have murdered…he does not resist.”
