Amsal 31:24

31:24 She makes linen garments ¹  and sells them,

and supplies the merchants ²  with sashes.

Amsal 31:1

The Words of Lemuel

31:1 The words of King Lemuel, ³ 

an oracle ⁴  that his mother taught him:

Kisah Para Rasul 9:26-28

Saul Returns to Jerusalem

9:26 When he arrived in Jerusalem, ⁵  he attempted to associate ⁶  with the disciples, and they were all afraid of him, because they did not believe ⁷  that he was a disciple. 9:27 But Barnabas took ⁸  Saul, ⁹  brought ¹⁰  him to the apostles, and related to them how he had seen the Lord on the road, that ¹¹  the Lord had spoken to him, and how in Damascus he had spoken out boldly ¹²  in the name of Jesus. 9:28 So he was staying with them, associating openly with them ¹³  in Jerusalem, speaking out boldly in the name of the Lord.

Kisah Para Rasul 9:2

9:2 and requested letters from him to the synagogues ¹⁴  in Damascus, so that if he found any who belonged to the Way, ¹⁵  either men or women, he could bring them as prisoners ¹⁶  to Jerusalem. ¹⁷ 

Kisah Para Rasul 9:10

9:10 Now there was a disciple in Damascus named Ananias. The ¹⁸  Lord ¹⁹  said to him in a vision, “Ananias,” and he replied, “Here I am, ²⁰  Lord.”

Yehezkiel 27:3-36

27:3 Say to Tyre, who sits at the entrance ²¹  of the sea, ²²  merchant to the peoples on many coasts, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:

“‘O Tyre, you have said, “I am perfectly beautiful.”

27:4 ²³ Your borders are in the heart of the seas;

your builders have perfected your beauty.

27:5 They crafted ²⁴  all your planks out of fir trees from Senir; ²⁵ 

they took a cedar from Lebanon to make your mast.

27:6 They made your oars from oaks of Bashan;

they made your deck ²⁶  with cypresses ²⁷  from the Kittean isles. ²⁸ 

27:7 Fine linen from Egypt, woven with patterns, was used for your sail

to serve as your banner;

blue and purple from the coastlands of Elishah ²⁹  was used for your deck’s awning.

27:8 The leaders ³⁰  of Sidon ³¹  and Arvad ³²  were your rowers;

your skilled ³³  men, O Tyre, were your captains.

27:9 The elders of Gebal ³⁴  and her skilled men were within you, mending cracks; ³⁵ 

all the ships of the sea and their mariners were within you to trade for your merchandise. ³⁶ 

27:10 Men of Persia, Lud, ³⁷  and Put were in your army, men of war.

They hung shield and helmet on you; they gave you your splendor.

27:11 The Arvadites ³⁸  joined your army on your walls all around,

and the Gammadites ³⁹  were in your towers.

They hung their quivers ⁴⁰  on your walls all around;

they perfected your beauty.

27:12 “‘Tarshish ⁴¹  was your trade partner because of your abundant wealth; they exchanged silver, iron, tin, and lead for your products. 27:13 Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your clients; they exchanged slaves and bronze items for your merchandise. 27:14 Beth Togarmah exchanged horses, chargers, ⁴²  and mules for your products. 27:15 The Dedanites ⁴³  were your clients. Many coastlands were your customers; they paid ⁴⁴  you with ivory tusks and ebony. 27:16 Edom ⁴⁵  was your trade partner because of the abundance of your goods; they exchanged turquoise, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies for your products. 27:17 Judah and the land of Israel were your clients; they traded wheat from Minnith, ⁴⁶  millet, honey, olive oil, and balm for your merchandise. 27:18 Damascus was your trade partner because of the abundance of your goods and of all your wealth: wine from Helbon, white wool from Zahar, 27:19 and casks of wine ⁴⁷  from Izal ⁴⁸  they exchanged for your products. Wrought iron, cassia, and sweet cane were among your merchandise. 27:20 Dedan was your client in saddlecloths for riding. 27:21 Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your trade partners; for lambs, rams, and goats they traded with you. 27:22 The merchants of Sheba and Raamah engaged in trade with you; they traded the best kinds of spices along with precious stones and gold for your products. 27:23 Haran, Kanneh, Eden, merchants from Sheba, Asshur, and Kilmad were your clients. 27:24 They traded with you choice garments, purple clothes and embroidered work, and multicolored carpets, bound and reinforced with cords; these were among your merchandise. 27:25 The ships of Tarshish ⁴⁹  were the transports for your merchandise.

“‘So you were filled and weighed down in the heart of the seas.

27:26 Your rowers have brought you into surging waters.

The east wind has wrecked you in the heart of the seas.

27:27 Your wealth, products, and merchandise, your sailors and captains,

your ship’s carpenters, ⁵⁰  your merchants,

and all your fighting men within you,

along with all your crew who are in you,

will fall into the heart of the seas on the day of your downfall.

27:28 At the sound of your captains’ cry the waves will surge; ⁵¹ 

27:29 They will descend from their ships – all who handle the oar,

the sailors and all the sea captains – they will stand on the land.

27:30 They will lament loudly ⁵²  over you and cry bitterly.

They will throw dust on their heads and roll in the ashes; ⁵³ 

27:31 they will tear out their hair because of you and put on sackcloth,

and they will weep bitterly over you with intense mourning. ⁵⁴ 

27:32 As they wail they will lament over you, chanting:

“Who was like Tyre, like a tower ⁵⁵  in the midst of the sea?”

27:33 When your products went out from the seas,

you satisfied many peoples;

with the abundance of your wealth and merchandise

you enriched the kings of the earth.

27:34 Now you are wrecked by the seas, in the depths of the waters;

your merchandise and all your company have sunk ⁵⁶  along with you. ⁵⁷ 

27:35 All the inhabitants of the coastlands are shocked at you,

and their kings are horribly afraid – their faces are troubled.

27:36 The traders among the peoples hiss at you;

you have become a horror, and will be no more.’”

[31:24]  ¹ tn The first word of the fifteenth line begins with ס (samek), the fifteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet.

[31:24]  sn The poet did not think it strange or unworthy for a woman of this stature to be a businesswoman engaged in an honest trade. In fact, weaving of fine linens was a common trade for women in the ancient world.

[31:24]  ² tn Heb “to the Canaanites.” These are the Phoenician traders that survived the wars and continued to do business down to the exile.

[31:1]  ³ sn Nothing else is known about King Lemuel aside from this mention in the book of Proverbs. Jewish legend identifies him as Solomon, making this advice from his mother Bathsheba; but there is no evidence for that. The passage is the only direct address to a king in the book of Proverbs – something that was the norm in wisdom literature of the ancient world (Leah L. Brunner, “King and Commoner in Proverbs and Near Eastern Sources,” Dor le Dor 10 [1982]: 210-19; Brunner argues that the advice is religious and not secular).

[31:1]  ⁴ tn Some English versions take the Hebrew noun translated “oracle” here as a place name specifying the kingdom of King Lemuel; cf. NAB “king of Massa”; CEV “King Lemuel of Massa.”

[9:26]  ⁵ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[9:26]  ⁶ tn Or “join.”

[9:26]  ⁷ tn The participle πιστεύοντες (pisteuonte") has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.

[9:27]  ⁸ tn Grk “taking Saul, brought him.” The participle ἐπιλαβόμενος (epilabomeno") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[9:27]  ⁹ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Saul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[9:27]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “and brought,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[9:27]  ¹¹ tn Grk “and that,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[9:27]  ¹² tn On this verb which is used 7 times in Acts, see BDAG 782 s.v. παρρησιάζομαι 1. See also v. 28.

[9:28]  ¹³ tn Grk “he was with them going in and going out in Jerusalem.” The expression “going in and going out” is probably best taken as an idiom for association without hindrance. Some modern translations (NASB, NIV) translate the phrase “moving about freely in Jerusalem,” although the NRSV retains the literal “he went in and out among them in Jerusalem.”

[9:2]  ¹⁴ sn See the note on synagogue in 6:9.

[9:2]  ¹⁵ sn The expression “the way” in ancient religious literature refers at times to “the whole way of life fr. a moral and spiritual viewpoint” (BDAG 692 s.v. ὁδός 3.c), and it has been so used of Christianity and its teachings in the book of Acts (see also 19:9, 23; 22:4; 24:14, 22). It is a variation of Judaism’s idea of two ways, the true and the false, where “the Way” is the true one (1 En. 91:18; 2 En. 30:15).

[9:2]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “bring them bound”; the translation “bring someone as prisoner” for δεδεμένον ἄγειν τινά (dedemenon agein tina) is given by BDAG 221 s.v. δέω 1.b.

[9:2]  ¹⁷ sn From Damascus to Jerusalem was a six-day journey. Christianity had now expanded into Syria.

[9:2]  map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[9:10]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “And the.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[9:10]  ¹⁹ sn The Lord is directing all the events leading to the expansion of the gospel as he works on both sides of the meeting between Paul and Ananias. “The Lord” here refers to Jesus (see v. 17).

[9:10]  ²⁰ tn Grk “behold, I,” but this construction often means “here is/there is” (cf. BDAG 468 s.v. ἰδού 2).

[27:3]  ²¹ tn Heb “entrances.” The plural noun may reflect the fact that Tyre had two main harbors.

[27:3]  ²² sn Rome, another economic power, is described in a similar way in Rev 17:1.

[27:4]  ²³ tn The city of Tyre is described in the following account as a merchant ship.

[27:5]  ²⁴ tn Heb “built.”

[27:5]  ²⁵ tn Perhaps the hull or deck. The term is dual, so perhaps it refers to a double-decked ship.

[27:6]  ²⁶ tn Or “hull.”

[27:6]  ²⁷ tc The Hebrew reads “Your deck they made ivory, daughter of Assyria.” The syntactically difficult “ivory” is understood here as dittography and omitted, though some construe this to refer to ivory inlays. “Daughter of Assyria” is understood here as improper word division and the vowels repointed as “cypresses.”

[27:6]  ²⁸ tn Heb “from the coastlands (or islands) of Kittim,” generally understood to be a reference to the island of Cyprus, where the Phoenicians had a trading colony on the southeast coast. Many modern English versions have “Cyprus” (CEV, TEV), “the coastlands of Cyprus” (NASB), “the coasts of Cyprus” (NIV, NRSV), or “the southern coasts of Cyprus” (NLT).

[27:6]  sn The Kittean isles is probably a reference to southeast Cyprus where the Phoenicians had a colony.

[27:7]  ²⁹ sn This is probably a reference to Cyprus.

[27:8]  ³⁰ tc The MT reads “the residents of”; the LXX reads “your rulers who dwell in.” With no apparent reason for the LXX to add “the rulers” many suppose something has dropped out of the Hebrew text. While more than one may be possible, Allen’s proposal, positing a word meaning “elders,” is the most likely to explain the omission in the MT from a graphic standpoint and also provides a parallel to the beginning of v. 9. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:81.a parallel to v. 9.

[27:8]  ³¹ map For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.

[27:8]  ³² sn Sidon and Arvad, like Tyre, were Phoenician coastal cities.

[27:8]  ³³ tn Or “wise.”

[27:9]  ³⁴ sn Another Phoenician coastal city located between Sidon and Arvad.

[27:9]  ³⁵ tn Heb “strengthening damages.” Here “to strengthen” means to repair. The word for “damages” occurs several times in 1 Kgs 12 about some type of damage to the temple, which may have referred to or included cracks. Since the context describes Tyre in its glory, we do not expect this reference to damages to be of significant scale, even if there are repairmen. This may refer to using pitch to seal the seams of the ship, which had to be done periodically and could be considered routine maintenance rather than repair of damage.

[27:9]  ³⁶ sn The reference to “all the ships of the sea…within you” suggests that the metaphor is changing; previously Tyre had been described as a magnificent ship, but now the description shifts back to an actual city. The “ships of the sea” were within Tyre’s harbor. Verse 11 refers to “walls” and “towers” of the city.

[27:10]  ³⁷ sn See Gen 10:22.

[27:11]  ³⁸ tn Heb “sons of Arvad.”

[27:11]  ³⁹ sn The identity of the Gammadites is uncertain.

[27:11]  ⁴⁰ tn See note on “quivers” in Jer 51:11 on the meaning of Hebrew שֶׁלֶט (shelet) and also M. Greenberg, Ezekiel (AB), 2:553.

[27:12]  ⁴¹ sn Tarshish refers to a distant seaport sometimes believed to be located in southern Spain (others identified it as Carthage in North Africa). In any event it represents here a distant, rich, and exotic port which was a trading partner of Tyre.

[27:14]  ⁴² tn The way in which these horses may have been distinguished from other horses is unknown. Cf. ASV “war-horses” (NASB, NIV, NRSV, CEV all similar); NLT “chariot horses.”

[27:15]  ⁴³ tn Heb “sons of Dedan.”

[27:15]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “they returned as your gift.”

[27:16]  ⁴⁵ tc Many Hebrew mss, Aquila’s Greek translation, and the Syriac version read “Edom.” The LXX reads “man,” a translation which assumes the same consonants as Edom. This reading is supported from the context as the text deals with Damascus, the capital of Syria (Aram), later (in v. 18).

[27:17]  ⁴⁶ sn The location is mentioned in Judg 11:33.

[27:19]  ⁴⁷ tc The MT leaves v. 18 as an incomplete sentence and begins v. 19 with “and Dan and Javan (Ionia) from Uzal.” The LXX mentions “wine.” The translation follows an emendation assuming some confusions of vav and yod. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:82.

[27:19]  ⁴⁸ sn According to L. C. Allen (Ezekiel [WBC], 2:82), Izal was located between Haran and the Tigris and was famous for its wine.

[27:25]  ⁴⁹ tn Or perhaps “Large merchant ships.” The expression “ships of Tarshish” may describe a class of vessel, that is, large oceangoing merchant ships.

[27:27]  ⁵⁰ tn Heb “your repairers of damage.” See v. 9.

[27:28]  ⁵¹ tn Compare this phrase to Isa 57:20 and Amos 8:8. See M. Greenberg, Ezekiel (AB), 2:561.

[27:30]  ⁵² tn Heb “make heard over you with their voice.”

[27:30]  ⁵³ tn Note a similar expression to “roll in the ashes” in Mic 1:10.

[27:31]  ⁵⁴ tn Heb “and they will weep concerning you with bitterness of soul, (with) bitter mourning.”

[27:32]  ⁵⁵ tn As it stands, the meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. The translation follows the suggestion of M. Dahood, “Accadian-Ugaritic dmt in Ezekiel 27:32,” Bib 45 (1964): 83-84. Several other explanations and emendations have been offered. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:83, and D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:85-86, for a list of options.

[27:34]  ⁵⁶ tn Heb “fallen.”

[27:34]  ⁵⁷ tn Heb “in the midst of you.”