Yehezkiel 3:11

3:11 Go to the exiles, to your fellow countrymen, ¹  and speak to them – say to them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says,’ whether they pay attention or not.”

Yehezkiel 3:27

3:27 But when I speak with you, I will loosen your tongue ²  and you must say to them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says.’ Those who listen will listen, but the indifferent will refuse, ³  for they are a rebellious house.

Yehezkiel 4:14

4:14 And I said, “Ah, sovereign Lord, I have never been ceremonially defiled before. I have never eaten a carcass or an animal torn by wild beasts; from my youth up, unclean meat ⁴  has never entered my mouth.”

Yehezkiel 5:7

5:7 “Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Because you are more arrogant ⁵  than the nations around you, ⁶  you have not followed my statutes and have not carried out my regulations. You have not even ⁷  carried out the regulations of the nations around you!

Yehezkiel 5:11

5:11 “Therefore, as surely as I live, says the sovereign Lord, because you defiled my sanctuary with all your detestable idols and with all your abominable practices, I will withdraw; my eye will not pity you, nor will I spare ⁸  you.

Yehezkiel 6:11

6:11 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Clap your hands, stamp your feet, and say, “Ah!” because of all the evil, abominable practices of the house of Israel, for they will fall by the sword, famine, and pestilence. ⁹ 

Yehezkiel 8:1

A Desecrated Temple

8:1 In the sixth year, in the sixth month, on the fifth of the month, ¹⁰  as I was sitting in my house with the elders of Judah sitting in front of me, the hand ¹¹  of the sovereign Lord seized me. ¹² 

Yehezkiel 9:8

9:8 While they were striking them down, I was left alone, and I threw myself face down and cried out, “Ah, sovereign Lord! Will you destroy the entire remnant of Israel when you pour out your fury on Jerusalem?”

Yehezkiel 11:13

11:13 Now, while I was prophesying, Pelatiah son of Benaiah died. Then I threw myself face down and cried out with a loud voice, “Alas, sovereign Lord! You are completely wiping out the remnant of Israel!” ¹³ 

Yehezkiel 11:16-17

11:16 “Therefore say: ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Although I have removed them far away among the nations and have dispersed them among the countries, I have been a little ¹⁴  sanctuary for them among the lands where they have gone.’

11:17 “Therefore say: ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: When I regather you from the peoples and assemble you from the lands where you have been dispersed, I will give you back the country of Israel.’

Yehezkiel 12:19

12:19 Then say to the people of the land, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says about the inhabitants of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel: They will eat their bread with anxiety and drink their water in fright, for their land will be stripped bare of all it contains because of the violence of all who live in it.

Yehezkiel 12:23

12:23 Therefore tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: I hereby end this proverb; they will not recite it in Israel any longer.’ But say to them, ‘The days are at hand when every vision will be fulfilled. ¹⁵ 

Yehezkiel 12:25

12:25 For I, the Lord, will speak. Whatever word I speak will be accomplished. It will not be delayed any longer. Indeed in your days, O rebellious house, I will speak the word and accomplish it, declares the sovereign Lord.’”

Yehezkiel 13:9

13:9 My hand will be against the prophets who see delusion and announce lying omens. They will not be included in the council ¹⁶  of my people, nor be written in the registry ¹⁷  of the house of Israel, nor enter the land of Israel. Then you will know that I am the sovereign Lord.

Yehezkiel 13:18

13:18 and say ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Woe to those who sew bands ¹⁸  on all their wrists ¹⁹  and make headbands ²⁰  for heads of every size to entrap people’s lives! ²¹  Will you entrap my people’s lives, yet preserve your own lives?

Yehezkiel 13:20

13:20 “‘Therefore, this is what the sovereign Lord says: Take note ²²  that I am against your wristbands with which you entrap people’s lives ²³  like birds. I will tear them from your arms and will release the people’s lives, which you hunt like birds.

Yehezkiel 14:11

14:11 so that the house of Israel will no longer go astray from me, nor continue to defile themselves by all their sins. They will be my people and I will be their God, ²⁴  declares the sovereign Lord.’”

Yehezkiel 14:16

14:16 Even if these three men were in it, as surely as I live, declares the sovereign Lord, they could not save their own sons or daughters; they would save only their own lives, and the land would become desolate.

Yehezkiel 14:20-21

14:20 Even if Noah, Daniel, and Job were in it, as surely as I live, declares the sovereign Lord, they could not save their own son or daughter; they would save only their own lives by their righteousness.

14:21 “For this is what the sovereign Lord says: How much worse will it be when I send my four terrible judgments – sword, famine, wild animals, and plague – to Jerusalem ²⁵  to kill both people and animals!

Yehezkiel 14:23

14:23 They will console you when you see their behavior and their deeds, because you will know that it was not without reason that I have done everything which I have done in it, declares the sovereign Lord.”

Yehezkiel 15:6

15:6 “Therefore, this is what the sovereign Lord says: Like the wood of the vine is among the trees of the forest which I have provided as fuel for the fire – so I will provide the residents of Jerusalem ²⁶  as fuel. ²⁷ 

Yehezkiel 16:8

16:8 “‘Then I passed by you and watched you, noticing ²⁸  that you had reached the age for love. ²⁹  I spread my cloak ³⁰  over you and covered your nakedness. I swore a solemn oath to you and entered into a marriage covenant with you, declares the sovereign Lord, and you became mine.

Yehezkiel 16:36

16:36 This is what the sovereign Lord says: Because your lust ³¹  was poured out and your nakedness was uncovered in your prostitution with your lovers, and because of all your detestable idols, and because of the blood of your children you have given to them,

Yehezkiel 16:43

16:43 “‘Because you did not remember the days of your youth and have enraged me with all these deeds, I hereby repay you for what you have done, ³²  declares the sovereign Lord. Have you not engaged in prostitution on top of all your other abominable practices?

Yehezkiel 16:63

16:63 Then you will remember, be ashamed, and remain silent ³³  when I make atonement for all you have done, ³⁴  declares the sovereign Lord.’”

Yehezkiel 17:3

17:3 Say to them: ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: ³⁵ 

“‘A great eagle ³⁶  with broad wings, long feathers, ³⁷ 

with full plumage which was multi-hued, ³⁸ 

came to Lebanon ³⁹  and took the top of the cedar.

Yehezkiel 17:9

17:9 “‘Say to them: This is what the sovereign Lord says:

“‘Will it prosper?

Will he not rip out its roots

and cause its fruit to rot ⁴⁰  and wither?

All its foliage ⁴¹  will wither.

No strong arm or large army

will be needed to pull it out by its roots. ⁴² 

Yehezkiel 17:16

17:16 “‘As surely as I live, declares the sovereign Lord, surely in the city ⁴³  of the king who crowned him, whose oath he despised and whose covenant he broke – in the middle of Babylon he will die!

Yehezkiel 17:22

17:22 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:

“‘I will take a sprig ⁴⁴  from the lofty top of the cedar and plant it. ⁴⁵ 

I will pluck from the top one of its tender twigs;

I myself will plant it on a high and lofty mountain.

Yehezkiel 18:30

18:30 “Therefore I will judge each person according to his conduct, ⁴⁶  O house of Israel, declares the sovereign Lord. Repent ⁴⁷  and turn from all your wickedness; then it will not be an obstacle leading to iniquity. ⁴⁸ 

Yehezkiel 20:5

20:5 and say to them:

“‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: On the day I chose Israel I swore ⁴⁹  to the descendants ⁵⁰  of the house of Jacob and made myself known to them in the land of Egypt. I swore ⁵¹  to them, “I am the Lord your God.”

Yehezkiel 20:27

20:27 “Therefore, speak to the house of Israel, son of man, and tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: In this way too your fathers blasphemed me when they were unfaithful to me.

Yehezkiel 20:31

20:31 When you present your sacrifices ⁵²  – when you make your sons pass through the fire – you defile yourselves with all your idols to this very day. Will I allow you to seek me, ⁵³  O house of Israel? As surely as I live, declares the sovereign Lord, I will not allow you to seek me! ⁵⁴ 

Yehezkiel 20:39-40

20:39 “‘As for you, O house of Israel, this is what the sovereign Lord says: Each of you go and serve your idols, ⁵⁵  if you will not listen to me. ⁵⁶  But my holy name will not be profaned ⁵⁷  again by your sacrifices ⁵⁸  and your idols. 20:40 For there on my holy mountain, the high mountain of Israel, declares the sovereign Lord, all the house of Israel will serve me, all of them ⁵⁹  in the land. I will accept them there, and there I will seek your contributions and your choice gifts, with all your holy things.

Yehezkiel 21:24

21:24 “Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: ‘Because you have brought up ⁶⁰  your own guilt by uncovering your transgressions and revealing your sins through all your actions, for this reason you will be taken by force. ⁶¹ 

Yehezkiel 21:28

21:28 “As for you, son of man, prophesy and say, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says concerning the Ammonites and their coming humiliation; ⁶²  say:

“‘A sword, a sword drawn for slaughter,

polished to consume, ⁶³  to flash like lightning –

Yehezkiel 23:22

23:22 “Therefore, Oholibah, this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look here, ⁶⁴  I am about to stir up against you the lovers with whom you were disgusted; I will bring them against you from every side:

Yehezkiel 24:6

24:6 “‘Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says:

Woe to the city of bloodshed,

the pot whose rot ⁶⁵  is in it,

whose rot has not been removed ⁶⁶  from it!

Empty it piece by piece.

No lot has fallen on it. ⁶⁷ 

Yehezkiel 24:21

24:21 Say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Realize I am about to desecrate my sanctuary – the source of your confident pride, ⁶⁸  the object in which your eyes delight, ⁶⁹  and your life’s passion. ⁷⁰  Your very own sons and daughters whom you have left behind will die ⁷¹  by the sword.

Yehezkiel 25:13

25:13 So this is what the sovereign Lord says: I will stretch out my hand against Edom, and I will kill the people and animals within her, ⁷²  and I will make her desolate; from Teman to Dedan they will die ⁷³  by the sword.

Yehezkiel 26:7

26:7 “For this is what the sovereign Lord says: Take note that ⁷⁴  I am about to bring King Nebuchadrezzar ⁷⁵  of Babylon, king of kings, against Tyre from the north, with horses, chariots, and horsemen, an army and hordes of people.

Yehezkiel 26:19

26:19 “For this is what the sovereign Lord says: When I make you desolate like the uninhabited cities, when I bring up the deep over you and the surging ⁷⁶  waters overwhelm you,

Yehezkiel 27:3

27:3 Say to Tyre, who sits at the entrance ⁷⁷  of the sea, ⁷⁸  merchant to the peoples on many coasts, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:

“‘O Tyre, you have said, “I am perfectly beautiful.”

Yehezkiel 28:2

28:2 “Son of man, say to the prince ⁷⁹  of Tyre, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:

“‘Your heart is proud ⁸⁰  and you said, “I am a god; ⁸¹ 

I sit in the seat of gods, in the heart of the seas” –

yet you are a man and not a god,

though you think you are godlike. ⁸² 

Yehezkiel 28:12

28:12 “Son of man, sing ⁸³  a lament for the king of Tyre, and say to him, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:

“‘You were the sealer ⁸⁴  of perfection,

full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty.

Yehezkiel 28:22

28:22 Say, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:

“‘Look, I am against you, ⁸⁵  Sidon,

and I will magnify myself in your midst.

Then they will know that I am the Lord

when I execute judgments on her

and reveal my sovereign power ⁸⁶  in her.

Yehezkiel 28:25

28:25 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: When I regather the house of Israel from the peoples where they are dispersed, I will reveal my sovereign power ⁸⁷  over them in the sight of the nations, and they will live in their land that I gave to my servant Jacob.

Yehezkiel 29:3

29:3 Tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:

“‘Look, I am against ⁸⁸  you, Pharaoh king of Egypt,

the great monster ⁸⁹  lying in the midst of its waterways,

who has said, “My Nile is my own, I made it for myself.” ⁹⁰ 

Yehezkiel 29:19

29:19 Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to give the land of Egypt to King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon. He will carry off her wealth, capture her loot, and seize her plunder; it will be his army’s wages.

Yehezkiel 30:13

30:13 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:

I will destroy the idols,

and put an end to the gods of Memphis.

There will no longer be a prince from the land of Egypt;

so I will make the land of Egypt fearful. ⁹¹ 

Yehezkiel 30:22

30:22 Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, ⁹²  I am against ⁹³  Pharaoh king of Egypt, and I will break his arms, the strong arm and the broken one, and I will make the sword drop from his hand.

Yehezkiel 31:15

31:15 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: On the day it ⁹⁴  went down to Sheol I caused observers to lament. ⁹⁵  I covered it with the deep and held back its rivers; its plentiful water was restrained. I clothed Lebanon in black for it, and all the trees of the field wilted because of it.

Yehezkiel 31:18

31:18 Which of the trees of Eden was like you in majesty and loftiness? You will be brought down with the trees of Eden to the lower parts of the earth; you will lie among the uncircumcised, with those killed by the sword! This is what will happen to Pharaoh and all his hordes, declares the sovereign Lord.’”

Yehezkiel 32:32

32:32 Indeed, I terrified him in the land of the living, yet he will lie in the midst of the uncircumcised with those killed by the sword, Pharaoh and all his hordes, declares the sovereign Lord.”

Yehezkiel 33:11

33:11 Say to them, ‘As surely as I live, declares the sovereign Lord, I take no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but prefer that the wicked change his behavior ⁹⁶  and live. Turn back, turn back from your evil deeds! ⁹⁷  Why should you die, O house of Israel?’

Yehezkiel 33:27

33:27 “This is what you must say to them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: As surely as I live, those living in the ruins will die ⁹⁸  by the sword, those in the open field I will give to the wild beasts for food, and those who are in the strongholds and caves will die of disease.

Yehezkiel 34:2

34:2 “Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds ⁹⁹  of Israel; prophesy, and say to them – to the shepherds: ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Woe to the shepherds of Israel who have been feeding themselves! Should not shepherds feed the flock?

Yehezkiel 34:10

34:10 This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am against the shepherds, and I will demand my sheep from their hand. I will no longer let them be shepherds; ¹⁰⁰  the shepherds will not feed themselves anymore. I will rescue my sheep from their mouth, so that they will no longer be food for them.

Yehezkiel 36:3

36:3 So prophesy and say: ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Surely because they have made you desolate and crushed you from all directions, so that you have become the property of the rest of the nations, and have become the subject of gossip ¹⁰¹  and slander among the people,

Yehezkiel 36:5-6

36:5 therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Surely I have spoken in the fire of my zeal against the rest of the nations, and against all Edom, who with great joy and utter contempt have made my land their property and prey, because of its pasture.’

36:6 “Therefore prophesy concerning the land of Israel, and say to the mountains and hills, the ravines and valleys, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I have spoken in my zeal and in my anger, because you have endured the insults of the nations.

Yehezkiel 36:15

36:15 I will no longer subject you to ¹⁰²  the nations’ insults; no longer will you bear the shame of the peoples, and no longer will you bereave ¹⁰³  your nation, declares the sovereign Lord.’”

Yehezkiel 36:22-23

36:22 “Therefore say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: It is not for your sake that I am about to act, O house of Israel, but for the sake of my holy reputation ¹⁰⁴  which you profaned among the nations where you went. 36:23 I will magnify ¹⁰⁵  my great name that has been profaned among the nations, that you have profaned among them. The nations will know that I am the Lord, declares the sovereign Lord, when I magnify myself among you in their sight.

Yehezkiel 37:9

37:9 He said to me, “Prophesy to the breath, ¹⁰⁶  – prophesy, son of man – and say to the breath: ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe on these corpses so that they may live.’”

Yehezkiel 37:12

37:12 Therefore prophesy, and tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to open your graves and will raise you from your graves, my people. I will bring you to the land of Israel.

Yehezkiel 37:19

37:19 tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to take the branch of Joseph which is in the hand of Ephraim and the tribes of Israel associated with him, and I will place them on the stick of Judah, ¹⁰⁷  and make them into one stick – they will be one in my hand.’ ¹⁰⁸ 

Yehezkiel 37:21

37:21 Then tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to take the Israelites from among the nations where they have gone. I will gather them from round about and bring them to their land.

Yehezkiel 38:17

38:17 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Are you the one of whom I spoke in former days by my servants ¹⁰⁹  the prophets of Israel, who prophesied in those days ¹¹⁰  that I would bring you against them?

Yehezkiel 39:10

39:10 They will not need to take ¹¹¹  wood from the field or cut down trees from the forests, because they will make fires with the weapons. They will take the loot from those who looted them and seize the plunder of those who plundered them, ¹¹²  declares the sovereign Lord.

Yehezkiel 43:18

43:18 Then he said to me: “Son of man, this is what the sovereign Lord says: These are the statutes of the altar: On the day it is built to offer up burnt offerings on it and to sprinkle blood on it, ¹¹³ 

Yehezkiel 43:27

43:27 When the prescribed period is over, ¹¹⁴  on the eighth day and thereafter the priests will offer up on the altar your burnt offerings and your peace offerings; ¹¹⁵  I will accept you, declares the sovereign Lord.”

Yehezkiel 44:9

44:9 This is what the sovereign Lord says: No foreigner, who is uncircumcised in heart and flesh among all the foreigners who are among the people of Israel, will enter into my sanctuary. ¹¹⁶ 

Yehezkiel 44:12

44:12 Because they used to minister to them before their idols, and became a sinful obstacle ¹¹⁷  to the house of Israel, consequently I have made a vow ¹¹⁸  concerning them, declares the sovereign Lord, that they will be responsible ¹¹⁹  for their sin.

Yehezkiel 44:15

The Levitical Priests

44:15 “‘But the Levitical priests, the descendants of Zadok ¹²⁰  who kept the charge of my sanctuary when the people of Israel went astray from me, will approach me to minister to me; they will stand before me to offer me the fat and the blood, declares the sovereign Lord.

Yehezkiel 46:1

The Prince’s Offerings

46:1 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: The gate of the inner court that faces east ¹²¹  will be closed six working days, but on the Sabbath day it will be opened and on the day of the new moon it will be opened.

[3:11]  ¹ tn Heb “to the sons of your people.”

[3:27]  ² tn Heb “open your mouth.”

[3:27]  ³ tn Heb “the listener will listen, the refuser will refuse.” Because the word for listening can also mean obeying, the nuance may be that the obedient will listen, or that the one who listens will obey. Also, although the verbs are not jussive as pointed in the MT, some translate them with a volitive sense: “the one who listens – let that one listen, the one who refuses – let that one refuse.”

[4:14]  ⁴ tn The Hebrew term refers to sacrificial meat not eaten by the appropriate time (Lev 7:18; 19:7).

[5:7]  ⁵ tn Traditionally this difficult form has been derived from a hypothetical root הָמוֹן (hamon), supposedly meaning “be in tumult/uproar,” but such a verb occurs nowhere else. It is more likely that it is to be derived from a root מָנוֹן (manon), meaning “disdain” (see L. C. Allen, Ezekiel [WBC], 1:52). A derivative from this root is used in Prov 29:21 of a rebellious servant. See HALOT 600 s.v. מָנוֹן.

[5:7]  ⁶ sn You are more arrogant than the nations around you. Israel is accused of being worse than the nations in Ezek 16:27; 2 Kgs 21:11; Jer 2:11.

[5:7]  ⁷ tc Some Hebrew mss and the Syriac omit the words “not even.” In this case they are being accused of following the practices of the surrounding nations. See Ezek 11:12.

[5:11]  ⁸ tn The meaning of the Hebrew term is primarily emotional: “to pity,” which in context implies an action, as in being moved by pity in order to spare them from the horror of their punishment.

[6:11]  ⁹ sn By the sword and by famine and by pestilence. A similar trilogy of punishments is mentioned in Lev 26:25-26. See also Jer 14:12; 21:9; 27:8, 13; 29:18).

[8:1]  ¹⁰ tc The LXX reads “In the sixth year, in the fifth month, on the fifth of the month.”

[8:1]  sn In the sixth year, in the sixth month, on the fifth of the month would be September 17, 592 b.c., about fourteen months after the initial vision.

[8:1]  ¹¹ tn Or “power.”

[8:1]  sn Hand in the OT can refer metaphorically to power, authority, or influence. In Ezekiel God’s hand being on the prophet is regularly associated with communication or a vision from God (3:14, 22; 8:1; 37:1; 40:1).

[8:1]  ¹² tn Heb “fell upon me there,” that is, God’s influence came over him.

[11:13]  ¹³ tc The LXX reads this statement as a question. Compare this to the question in 9:8. It is possible that the interrogative particle has been omitted by haplography. However, an exclamatory statement as in the MT also makes sense and the LXX may have simply tried to harmonize this passage with 9:8.

[11:16]  ¹⁴ tn Or “have been partially a sanctuary”; others take this as temporal (cf. NASB, NIV, NRSV “a little while”).

[12:23]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “the days draw near and the word of every vision (draws near).”

[13:9]  ¹⁶ tn The Hebrew term may refer to the secret council of the Lord (Jer 23:18; Job 15:8), but here it more likely refers to a human council comprised of civic leaders (Gen 49:6; Jer 6:11; 15:17 Ps 64:3; 111:1).

[13:9]  ¹⁷ tn The reference here is probably to a civil list (as in Ezra 2:16; Neh 7:64) rather than to a “book of life” (Exod 32:32; Isa 4:3; Ps 69:29; Dan 12:1). This registry may have been established at the making of David’s census (2 Sam 24:2, 9).

[13:18]  ¹⁸ sn The wristbands mentioned here probably represented magic bands or charms. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:413.

[13:18]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “joints of the hands.” This may include the elbow and shoulder joints.

[13:18]  ²⁰ tn The Hebrew term occurs in the Bible only here and in v. 21. It has also been understood as a veil or type of head covering. D. I. Block (Ezekiel [NICOT], 1:414) suggests that given the context of magical devices, the expected parallel to the magical arm bands, and the meaning of this Hebrew root (סָפַח [safakh, “to attach” or “join”]), it may refer to headbands or necklaces on which magical amulets were worn.

[13:18]  ²¹ tn Heb “human lives” or “souls” (three times in v. 18 and twice in v. 19).

[13:20]  ²² tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[13:20]  ²³ tn Heb “human lives” or “souls.”

[14:11]  ²⁴ sn I will be their God. See Exod 6:7; Lev 26:12; Jer 7:23; 11:4.

[14:21]  ²⁵ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[15:6]  ²⁶ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[15:6]  ²⁷ tn The words “as fuel” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.

[16:8]  ²⁸ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a participle.

[16:8]  ²⁹ tn See similar use of this term in Ezek 23:17; Prov 7:16; Song of Songs 4:10; 7:13.

[16:8]  ³⁰ tn Heb “wing” or “skirt.” The gesture symbolized acquiring a woman in early Arabia (similarly, see Deut 22:30; Ruth 3:9).

[16:36]  ³¹ tn The Hebrew word occurs only here in the OT.

[16:43]  ³² tn Heb “your way on (your) head I have placed.”

[16:63]  ³³ tn Heb “and your mouth will not be open any longer.”

[16:63]  ³⁴ tn Heb “when I make atonement for you for all which you have done.”

[17:3]  ³⁵ tn The parable assumes the defection of Zedekiah to Egypt and his rejection of Babylonian lordship.

[17:3]  ³⁶ sn The great eagle symbolizes Nebuchadnezzar (17:12).

[17:3]  ³⁷ tn Hebrew has two words for wings; it is unknown whether they are fully synonymous or whether one term distinguishes a particular part of the wing such as the wing coverts (nearest the shoulder), secondaries (mid-feathers of the wing) or primaries (last and longest section of the wing).

[17:3]  ³⁸ tn This term was used in 16:10, 13, and 18 of embroidered cloth.

[17:3]  ³⁹ sn In the parable Lebanon apparently refers to Jerusalem (17:12).

[17:9]  ⁴⁰ tn The Hebrew root occurs only here in the OT and appears to have the meaning of “strip off.” In application to fruit the meaning may be “cause to rot.”

[17:9]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “all the טַרְפֵּי (tarpey) of branches.” The word טַרְפֵּי occurs only here in the Bible; its precise meaning is uncertain.

[17:9]  ⁴² tn Or “there will be no strong arm or large army when it is pulled up by the roots.”

[17:16]  ⁴³ tn Heb “place.”

[17:22]  ⁴⁴ sn The language is analogous to messianic imagery in Isa 11:1; Zech 3:8; 6:4 although the technical terminology is not the same.

[17:22]  ⁴⁵ tc The LXX lacks “and plant it.”

[18:30]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “ways.”

[18:30]  ⁴⁷ tn The verbs and persons in this verse are plural whereas the individual has been the subject of the chapter.

[18:30]  ⁴⁸ tn Or “leading to punishment.”

[20:5]  ⁴⁹ tn Heb “I lifted up my hand.”

[20:5]  ⁵⁰ tn Heb “seed.”

[20:5]  ⁵¹ tn Heb “I lifted up my hand.”

[20:31]  ⁵² tn Or “gifts.”

[20:31]  ⁵³ tn Or “Will I reveal myself to you?”

[20:31]  ⁵⁴ tn Or “I will not reveal myself to you.”

[20:39]  ⁵⁵ sn Compare the irony here to Amos 4:4 and Jer 44:25.

[20:39]  ⁵⁶ tn Heb “and after, if you will not listen to me.” The translation leaves out “and after” for smoothness. The text is difficult. M. Greenberg (Ezekiel [AB], 1:374) suggests that it may mean “but afterwards, if you will not listen to me…” with an unspoken threat.

[20:39]  ⁵⁷ sn A similar concept may be found in Lev 18:21; 20:3.

[20:39]  ⁵⁸ tn Or “gifts.”

[20:40]  ⁵⁹ tn Heb “all of it.”

[21:24]  ⁶⁰ tn Heb “caused to be remembered.”

[21:24]  ⁶¹ tn Heb “Because you have brought to remembrance your guilt when your transgressions are uncovered so that your sins are revealed in all your deeds – because you are remembered, by the hand you will be seized.”

[21:28]  ⁶² tn Heb “their reproach.”

[21:28]  ⁶³ tn Heb “to contain, endure.” Since the Hebrew text as it stands makes little, if any, sense, most emend the text to read either “to consume” or “for destruction.” For discussion of options see D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:693.

[23:22]  ⁶⁴ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[24:6]  ⁶⁵ tn Or “rust.”

[24:6]  ⁶⁶ tn Heb “has not gone out.”

[24:6]  ⁶⁷ tn Here “lot” may refer to the decision made by casting lots; it is not chosen at all.

[24:21]  ⁶⁸ tn Heb “the pride of your strength” means “your strong pride.”

[24:21]  ⁶⁹ sn Heb “the delight of your eyes.” Just as Ezekiel was deprived of his beloved wife (v. 16, the “desire” of his “eyes”) so the Lord would be forced to remove the object of his devotion, the temple, which symbolized his close relationship to his covenant people.

[24:21]  ⁷⁰ tn Heb “the object of compassion of your soul.” The accentuation in the traditional Hebrew text indicates that the descriptive phrases (“the source of your confident pride, the object in which your eyes delight, and your life’s passion”) modify the preceding “my sanctuary.”

[24:21]  ⁷¹ tn Heb “fall.”

[25:13]  ⁷² tn Heb “and I will cut off from her man and beast.”

[25:13]  ⁷³ tn Heb “fall.”

[26:7]  ⁷⁴ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) draws attention to something.

[26:7]  ⁷⁵ tn Heb “Nebuchadrezzar” is a variant and more correct spelling of Nebuchadnezzar, as the Babylonian name Nabu-kudurri-usur has an an “r” rather than an “n.”

[26:19]  ⁷⁶ tn Heb “many.”

[27:3]  ⁷⁷ tn Heb “entrances.” The plural noun may reflect the fact that Tyre had two main harbors.

[27:3]  ⁷⁸ sn Rome, another economic power, is described in a similar way in Rev 17:1.

[28:2]  ⁷⁹ tn Or “ruler” (NIV, NCV).

[28:2]  ⁸⁰ tn Heb “lifted up.”

[28:2]  sn See Prov 16:5.

[28:2]  ⁸¹ tn Or “I am divine.”

[28:2]  ⁸² tn Heb “and you made your heart (mind) like the heart (mind) of gods.”

[28:12]  ⁸³ tn Heb “lift up.”

[28:12]  ⁸⁴ tn For a discussion of possible nuances of this phrase, see M. Greenberg, Ezekiel (AB), 2:580-81.

[28:22]  ⁸⁵ tn Or “I challenge you.” The phrase “I am against you” may be a formula for challenging someone to combat or a duel. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:201-2, and P. Humbert, “Die Herausforderungsformel ‘h!nn#n' ?l?K>,’” ZAW 45 (1933): 101-8.

[28:22]  ⁸⁶ tn Or “reveal my holiness.” God’s “holiness” is fundamentally his transcendence as sovereign ruler of the world. The revelation of his authority and power through judgment is in view in this context.

[28:25]  ⁸⁷ tn Or “reveal my holiness.” See verse 22.

[29:3]  ⁸⁸ tn Or “I challenge you.” The phrase “I am against you” may be a formula for challenging someone to combat or a duel. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:201-2, and P. Humbert, “Die Herausforderungsformel ‘h!nn#n' ?l?K>,’” ZAW 45 (1933): 101-8.

[29:3]  ⁸⁹ tn Heb “jackals,” but many medieval Hebrew mss read correctly “the serpent.” The Hebrew term appears to refer to a serpent in Exod 7:9-10, 12; Deut 32:33; and Ps 91:13. It also refers to large creatures that inhabit the sea (Gen 1:21; Ps 148:7). In several passages it is associated with the sea or with the multiheaded sea monster Leviathan (Job 7:12; Ps 74:13; Isa 27:1; 51:9). Because of the Egyptian setting of this prophecy and the reference to the creature’s scales (v. 4), many understand a crocodile to be the referent here (e.g., NCV “a great crocodile”; TEV “you monster crocodile”; CEV “a giant crocodile”).

[29:3]  ⁹⁰ sn In Egyptian theology Pharaoh owned and controlled the Nile. See J. D. Currid, Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament, 240-44.

[30:13]  ⁹¹ tn Heb “I will put fear in the land of Egypt.”

[30:22]  ⁹² tn The word h!nn@h indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[30:22]  ⁹³ tn Or “I challenge you.” The phrase “I am against you” may be a formula for challenging someone to combat or a duel. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:201-2, and P. Humbert, “Die Herausforderungsformel ‘h!nn#n' ?l?K>,’” ZAW 45 (1933): 101-8.

[31:15]  ⁹⁴ tn Or “he.”

[31:15]  ⁹⁵ tn Heb “I caused lamentation.” D. I. Block (Ezekiel [NICOT], 2:194-95) proposes an alternative root which would give the meaning “I gated back the waters,” i.e., shut off the water supply.

[33:11]  ⁹⁶ tn Heb “turn from his way.”

[33:11]  ⁹⁷ tn Heb “ways.” This same word is translated “behavior” earlier in the verse.

[33:27]  ⁹⁸ tn Heb “fall.”

[34:2]  ⁹⁹ tn The term shepherd is applied to kings in the ancient Near East. In the OT the Lord is often addressed as shepherd of Israel (Gen 49:24; Ps 8:1). The imagery of shepherds as Israel’s leaders is also employed (Jer 23:1-2).

[34:10]  ¹⁰⁰ tn Heb “I will cause them to cease from feeding sheep.”

[36:3]  ¹⁰¹ tn Heb “lip of the tongue.”

[36:15]  ¹⁰² tn Heb “cause you to hear.”

[36:15]  ¹⁰³ tc The MT reads תַכְשִׁלִי (takhshiliy), a metathesis for תַשְׁכִלִי (tashkhiliy) from the root שָׁכַל (shakhal) which is used in each of the previous verses.

[36:22]  ¹⁰⁴ sn In Ezek 20:22 God refrained from punishment for the sake of his holy name. Here God’s reputation is the basis for Israel’s restoration.

[36:23]  ¹⁰⁵ tn Or “sanctify,” Heb “make holy.”

[37:9]  ¹⁰⁶ tn Or “spirit,” and several times in this verse.

[37:19]  ¹⁰⁷ tn Heb “I will place them on it, that is, on the stick of Judah.”

[37:19]  ¹⁰⁸ sn The reunification of Israel and Judah is envisioned as well in Ezek 33:23, 29; Jer 3:18; 23:5-6; Hos 1:11; Amos 9:11.

[38:17]  ¹⁰⁹ tn Heb “by the hand of my servants.”

[38:17]  ¹¹⁰ tn The Hebrew text adds “years” here, but this is probably a scribal gloss on the preceding phrase. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:201.

[39:10]  ¹¹¹ tn Heb “they will not carry.”

[39:10]  ¹¹² tn Heb “loot their looters and plunder their plunderers.”

[43:18]  ¹¹³ sn For the “sprinkling of blood,” see Lev 1:5, 11; 8:19; 9:12.

[43:27]  ¹¹⁴ tn Heb “and they will complete the days.”

[43:27]  ¹¹⁵ sn The people also could partake of the food of the peace offering (Lev 3).

[44:9]  ¹¹⁶ sn Tobiah, an Ammonite (Neh 13:8), was dismissed from the temple.

[44:12]  ¹¹⁷ tn Heb “a stumbling block of iniquity.” This is a unique phrase of the prophet Ezekiel (cf. also Ezek 7:19; 14:3, 4, 7; 18:30).

[44:12]  ¹¹⁸ tn Heb “I lifted up my hand.”

[44:12]  ¹¹⁹ tn Heb “will bear.”

[44:15]  ¹²⁰ sn Zadok was a descendant of Aaron through Eleazar (1 Chr 6:50-53), who served as a priest during David’s reign (2 Sam 8:17).

[46:1]  ¹²¹ sn The east gate of the outer court was permanently closed (Ezek 44:2).