Yesaya 3:5

3:5 The people will treat each other harshly;

men will oppose each other;

neighbors will fight. ¹ 

Youths will proudly defy the elderly

and riffraff will challenge those who were once respected. ² 

Yesaya 5:14

5:14 So Death ³  will open up its throat,

and open wide its mouth; ⁴ 

Zion’s dignitaries and masses will descend into it,

including those who revel and celebrate within her. ⁵ 

Yesaya 8:4

8:4 for before the child knows how to cry out, ‘My father’ or ‘My mother,’ the wealth of Damascus and the plunder of Samaria ⁶  will be carried off by the king of Assyria.” ⁷ 

Yesaya 8:7

8:7 So look, the sovereign master ⁸  is bringing up against them the turbulent and mighty waters of the Euphrates River ⁹  – the king of Assyria and all his majestic power. It will reach flood stage and overflow its banks. ¹⁰ 

Yesaya 10:33

10:33 Look, the sovereign master, the Lord who commands armies,

is ready to cut off the branches with terrifying power. ¹¹ 

The tallest trees ¹²  will be cut down,

the loftiest ones will be brought low.

Yesaya 13:3-4

13:3 I have given orders to my chosen soldiers; ¹³ 

I have summoned the warriors through whom I will vent my anger, ¹⁴ 

my boasting, arrogant ones. ¹⁵ 

13:4 ¹⁶ There is a loud noise on the mountains –

it sounds like a large army! ¹⁷ 

There is great commotion among the kingdoms ¹⁸  –

nations are being assembled!

The Lord who commands armies is mustering

forces for battle.

Yesaya 22:21

22:21 I will put your robe on him, tie your belt around him, and transfer your authority to him. ¹⁹  He will become a protector of ²⁰  the residents of Jerusalem and of the people ²¹  of Judah.

Yesaya 23:9

23:9 The Lord who commands armies planned it –

to dishonor the pride that comes from all her beauty, ²² 

to humiliate all the dignitaries of the earth.

Yesaya 26:10

26:10 If the wicked are shown mercy,

they do not learn about justice. ²³ 

Even in a land where right is rewarded, they act unjustly; ²⁴ 

they do not see the Lord’s majesty revealed.

Yesaya 27:12

27:12 At that time ²⁵  the Lord will shake the tree, ²⁶  from the Euphrates River ²⁷  to the Stream of Egypt. Then you will be gathered up one by one, O Israelites. ²⁸ 

Yesaya 60:5

60:5 Then you will look and smile, ²⁹ 

you will be excited and your heart will swell with pride. ³⁰ 

For the riches of distant lands ³¹  will belong to you

and the wealth of nations will come to you.

[3:5]  ¹ tn Heb “man against man, and a man against his neighbor.”

[3:5]  ² tn Heb “and those lightly esteemed those who are respected.” The verb רָהַב (rahav) does double duty in the parallelism.

[5:14]  ³ tn Heb “Sheol” (so ASV, NASB, NRSV); the underworld, the land of the dead, according to the OT world view. Cf. NAB “the nether world”; TEV, CEV “the world of the dead”; NLT “the grave.”

[5:14]  ⁴ tn Heb “so Sheol will make wide its throat, and open its mouth without limit.”

[5:14]  sn Death is portrayed in both the OT (Prov 1:12; Hab 2:5) and Canaanite myth as voraciously swallowing up its prey. In the myths Death is portrayed as having “a lip to the earth, a lip to the heavens … and a tongue to the stars.” (G. R. Driver, Canaanite Myths and Legends, 69, text 5 ii 2-3.) Death describes his own appetite as follows: “But my appetite is the appetite of lions in the waste…If it is in very truth my desire to consume ‘clay’ [a reference to his human victims], then in truth by the handfuls I must eat it, whether my seven portions [indicating fullness and completeness] are already in the bowl or whether Nahar [the god of the river responsible for ferrying victims from the land of the living to the land of the dead] has to mix the cup.” (Driver, 68-69, text 5 i 14-22).

[5:14]  ⁵ tn Heb “and her splendor and her masses will go down, and her tumult and the one who exults in her.” The antecedent of the four feminine singular pronominal suffixes used in v. 14b is unclear. The likely referent is personified Zion/Jerusalem (see 3:25-26; 4:4-5).

[8:4]  ⁶ map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.

[8:4]  ⁷ sn The child’s name foreshadows what will happen to Judah’s enemies; when their defeat takes place, the child will be a reminder that God predicted the event and brought it to pass. As such the child will be a reminder of God’s protective presence with his people.

[8:7]  ⁸ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[8:7]  ⁹ tn Heb “the mighty and abundant waters of the river.” The referent of “the river” here, the Euphrates River, has been specified in the translation for clarity. As the immediately following words indicate, these waters symbolize the Assyrian king and his armies which will, as it were, inundate the land.

[8:7]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “it will go up over all its stream beds and go over all its banks.”

[10:33]  ¹¹ tc The Hebrew text reads “with terrifying power,” or “with a crash.” מַעֲרָצָה (ma’aratsah, “terrifying power” or “crash”) occurs only here. Several have suggested an emendation to מַעֲצָד (ma’atsad, “ax”) parallel to “ax” in v. 34; see HALOT 615 s.v. מַעֲצָד and H. Wildberger, Isaiah, 1:448.

[10:33]  sn As in vv. 12 (see the note there) and 18, the Assyrians are compared to a tree/forest in vv. 33-34.

[10:33]  ¹² tn Heb “the exalted of the height.” This could refer to the highest branches (cf. TEV) or the tallest trees (cf. NIV, NRSV).

[13:3]  ¹³ tn Heb “my consecrated ones,” i.e., those who have been set apart by God for the special task of carrying out his judgment.

[13:3]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “my warriors with respect to my anger.”

[13:3]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “the boasting ones of my pride”; cf. ASV, NASB, NRSV “my proudly exulting ones.”

[13:4]  ¹⁶ sn In vv. 4-10 the prophet appears to be speaking, since the Lord is referred to in the third person. However, since the Lord refers to himself in the third person later in this chapter (see v. 13), it is possible that he speaks throughout the chapter.

[13:4]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “a sound, a roar [is] on the mountains, like many people.”

[13:4]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “a sound, tumult of kingdoms.”

[22:21]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “and your dominion I will place in his hand.”

[22:21]  ²⁰ tn Heb “a father to.” The Hebrew term אָב (’av, “father”) is here used metaphorically of one who protects and supports those under his care and authority, like a father does his family. For another example of this metaphorical use of the word, see Job 29:16.

[22:21]  ²¹ tn Heb “house.”

[23:9]  ²² tn Heb “the pride of all the beauty.”

[26:10]  ²³ tn As in verse 9b, the translation understands צֶדֶק (tsedeq) in the sense of “justice,” but it is possible that it carries the nuance “righteousness,” in which case one might translate, “they do not learn to live in a righteous manner.”

[26:10]  ²⁴ tn Heb “in a land of uprightness they act unjustly”; NRSV “they deal perversely.”

[27:12]  ²⁵ tn Heb “and it will be in that day.” The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

[27:12]  ²⁶ tn Heb “the Lord will beat out.” The verb is used of beating seeds or grain to separate the husk from the kernel (see Judg 6:11; Ruth 2:17; Isa 28:27), and of beating the olives off the olive tree (Deut 24:20). The latter metaphor may be in view here, where a tree metaphor has been employed in the preceding verses. See also 17:6.

[27:12]  ²⁷ tn Heb “the river,” a frequent designation in the OT for the Euphrates. For clarity most modern English versions substitute the name “Euphrates” for “the river” here.

[27:12]  ²⁸ sn The Israelites will be freed from exile (likened to beating the olives off the tree) and then gathered (likened to collecting the olives).

[60:5]  ²⁹ tn Or “shine,” or “be radiant” (NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[60:5]  ³⁰ tn Heb “and it will tremble and be wide, your heart.”

[60:5]  ³¹ tn Heb “the wealth of the sea,” i.e., wealth that is transported from distant lands via the sea.