2 Tawarikh 18:10

18:10 Zedekiah son of Kenaanah made iron horns and said, “This is what the Lord says, ‘With these you will gore Syria until they are destroyed!’”

2 Tawarikh 18:1

Jehoshaphat Allies with Ahab

18:1 Jehoshaphat was very wealthy and greatly respected. He made an alliance by marriage with Ahab,

Kisah Para Rasul 22:23-25

22:23 While they were screaming ¹  and throwing off their cloaks ²  and tossing dust ³  in the air, 22:24 the commanding officer ⁴  ordered Paul ⁵  to be brought back into the barracks. ⁶  He told them ⁷  to interrogate Paul ⁸  by beating him with a lash ⁹  so that he could find out the reason the crowd ¹⁰  was shouting at Paul ¹¹  in this way. 22:25 When they had stretched him out for the lash, ¹²  Paul said to the centurion ¹³  standing nearby, “Is it legal for you to lash a man who is a Roman citizen ¹⁴  without a proper trial?” ¹⁵ 

Yesaya 50:5-6

50:5 The sovereign Lord has spoken to me clearly; ¹⁶ 

I have not rebelled,

I have not turned back.

50:6 I offered my back to those who attacked, ¹⁷ 

my jaws to those who tore out my beard;

I did not hide my face

from insults and spitting.

Yeremia 20:2

20:2 When he heard Jeremiah’s prophecy, he had the prophet flogged. ¹⁸  Then he put him in the stocks ¹⁹  which were at the Upper Gate of Benjamin in the Lord’s temple. ²⁰ 

Ratapan 3:30

3:30 Let him offer his cheek to the one who hits him; ²¹ 

let him have his fill of insults.

Mikha 5:1

5:1 (4:14) ²²  But now slash yourself, ²³  daughter surrounded by soldiers! ²⁴ 

We are besieged!

With a scepter ²⁵  they strike Israel’s ruler ²⁶ 

on the side of his face.

Matius 26:67

26:67 Then they spat in his face and struck him with their fists. And some slapped him,

Markus 14:65

14:65 Then ²⁷  some began to spit on him, and to blindfold him, and to strike him with their fists, saying, “Prophesy!” The guards also took him and beat ²⁸  him.

Yohanes 18:22-23

18:22 When Jesus ²⁹  had said this, one of the high priest’s officers who stood nearby struck him on the face and said, ³⁰  “Is that the way you answer the high priest?” 18:23 Jesus replied, ³¹  “If I have said something wrong, ³²  confirm ³³  what is wrong. ³⁴  But if I spoke correctly, why strike me?”

Kisah Para Rasul 23:2-3

23:2 At that ³⁵  the high priest Ananias ordered those standing near ³⁶  Paul ³⁷  to strike ³⁸  him on the mouth. 23:3 Then Paul said to him, “God is going to strike you, you whitewashed wall! ³⁹  Do ⁴⁰  you sit there judging me according to the law, ⁴¹  and in violation of the law ⁴²  you order me to be struck?”

[22:23]  ¹ tn The participle κραυγαζόντων (kraugazontwn) has been translated temporally.

[22:23]  ² tn Or “outer garments.”

[22:23]  sn Their cloaks. The outer garment, or cloak, was taken off and laid aside to leave the arms free (perhaps in this case as preparation for throwing stones).

[22:23]  ³ sn The crowd’s act of tossing dust in the air indicated they had heard something disturbing and offensive. This may have been a symbolic gesture, indicating Paul’s words deserved to be thrown to the wind, or it may have simply resulted from the fact they had nothing else to throw at him at the moment.

[22:24]  ⁴ tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). In Greek the term χιλίαρχος (ciliarco") literally described the “commander of a thousand,” but it was used as the standard translation for the Latin tribunus militum or tribunus militare, the military tribune who commanded a cohort of 600 men.

[22:24]  ⁵ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:24]  ⁶ tn Or “the headquarters.” BDAG 775 s.v. παρεμβολή 2 has “barracks/headquarters of the Roman troops in Jerusalem Ac 21:34, 37; 22:24; 23:10, 16, 32.”

[22:24]  ⁷ tn Grk “into the barracks, saying.” This is a continuation of the same sentence in Greek using the participle εἴπας (eipas), but due to the length and complexity of the Greek sentence a new sentence was begun in the translation here. The direct object “them” has been supplied; it is understood in Greek.

[22:24]  ⁸ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:24]  ⁹ sn To interrogate Paul by beating him with a lash. Under the Roman legal system it was customary to use physical torture to extract confessions or other information from prisoners who were not Roman citizens and who were charged with various crimes, especially treason or sedition. The lashing would be done with a whip of leather thongs with pieces of metal or bone attached to the ends.

[22:24]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “they”; the referent (the crowd) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:24]  ¹¹ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:25]  ¹² tn Grk “for the thongs” (of which the lash was made). Although often translated as a dative of means (“with thongs”), referring to thongs used to tie the victim to the whipping post, BDAG 474-75 s.v. ἱμάς states that it “is better taken as a dat. of purpose for the thongs, in which case οἱ ἱμάντες = whips (Posidonius: 87 fgm. 5 Jac.; POxy. 1186, 2 τὴν διὰ τῶν ἱμάντων αἰκείαν. – Antiphanes 74, 8, Demosth. 19, 197 and Artem. 1, 70 use the sing. in this way).”

[22:25]  ¹³ sn See the note on the word centurion in 10:1.

[22:25]  ¹⁴ tn The word “citizen” is supplied here for emphasis and clarity.

[22:25]  ¹⁵ tn Or “a Roman citizen and uncondemned.” BDAG 35 s.v. ἀκατάκριτος has “uncondemned, without due process” for this usage.

[22:25]  sn The fact that Paul was a Roman citizen protected him from being tortured to extract information; such protections were guaranteed by the Porcian and Julian law codes. In addition, the fact Paul had not been tried exempted him from punishment.

[50:5]  ¹⁶ tn Or perhaps, “makes me obedient.” The text reads literally, “has opened for me an ear.”

[50:6]  ¹⁷ tn Or perhaps, “who beat [me].”

[20:2]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “And Pashhur son of Immer, the priest and he [= who] was chief overseer [or officer] in the house of the Lord heard Jeremiah prophesying these words/things 20:2 and Pashhur had the prophet Jeremiah flogged.” This verse and the previous one has been restructured in the translation to better conform with contemporary English style.

[20:2]  ¹⁹ tn The meaning of this word is uncertain. It occurs only here, in 29:26 where it is followed by a parallel word that occurs only there and is generally translated “collar,” and in 2 Chr 16:10 where it is preceded by the word “house of.” It is most often translated “stocks” and explained as an instrument of confinement for keeping prisoners in a crooked position (from its relation to a root meaning “to turn.” See BDB 246 s.v. מַהְפֶּכֶת and KBL 500 s.v. מַהְפֶּכֶת for definition and discussion.) For a full discussion including the interpretation of the ancient versions see W. L. Holladay, Jeremiah (Hermeneia), 1:542-43.

[20:2]  ²⁰ sn A comparison of Ezek 8:3 and 9:2 in their contexts will show that this probably refers to the northern gate to the inner court of the temple. It is called Upper because it was on higher ground above the gate in the outer court. It is qualified by “in the Lord’s temple” to distinguish it from the Benjamin Gate in the city wall (cf. 37:13; 38:7). Like the Benjamin Gate in the city wall it faced north toward the territory of the tribe of Benjamin.

[3:30]  ²¹ tn Heb “to the smiter.”

[5:1]  ²² sn Beginning with 5:1, the verse numbers through 5:15 in the English Bible differ by one from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 5:1 ET = 4:14 HT, 5:2 ET = 5:1 HT, 5:3 ET = 5:2 HT, etc., through 5:15 ET = 5:14 HT. From 6:1 the verse numbers in the English Bible and the Hebrew Bible are again the same.

[5:1]  ²³ tn The Hebrew verb גָדַד (gadad) can be translated “slash yourself” or “gather in troops.” A number of English translations are based on the latter meaning (e.g., NASB, NIV, NLT).

[5:1]  sn Slash yourself. Slashing one’s body was a form of mourning. See Deut 14:1; 1 Kgs 18:28; Jer 16:6; 41:5; 47:5.

[5:1]  ²⁴ tn Heb “daughter of a troop of warriors.”

[5:1]  sn The daughter surrounded by soldiers is an image of the city of Jerusalem under siege (note the address “Daughter Jerusalem” in 4:8).

[5:1]  ²⁵ tn Or “staff”; KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT “rod”; CEV “stick”; NCV “club.”

[5:1]  sn Striking a king with a scepter, a symbol of rulership, would be especially ironic and humiliating.

[5:1]  ²⁶ tn Traditionally, “the judge of Israel” (so KJV, NASB).

[14:65]  ²⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[14:65]  ²⁸ tn For the translation of ῥάπισμα (rJapisma), see L&N 19.4.

[18:22]  ²⁹ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[18:22]  ³⁰ tn Grk “one of the high priest’s servants standing by gave Jesus a strike, saying.” For the translation of ῥάπισμα (rJapisma), see L&N 19.4.

[18:23]  ³¹ tn Grk “Jesus answered him.”

[18:23]  ³² tn Or “something incorrect.”

[18:23]  ³³ tn Grk “testify.”

[18:23]  ³⁴ tn Or “incorrect.”

[23:2]  ³⁵ tn Grk “and” (δέ, de); the phrase “at that” has been used in the translation to clarify the cause and effect relationship.

[23:2]  ³⁶ tn BDAG 778 s.v. παρίστημι/παριστάνω 2.b.α has “οἱ παρεστῶτες αὐτῷ those standing near him Ac 23:2.”

[23:2]  ³⁷ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[23:2]  ³⁸ tn Or “hit” (‘strike’ maintains the wordplay with the following verse). The action was probably designed to indicate a rejection of Paul’s claim to a clear conscience in the previous verse.

[23:3]  ³⁹ sn You whitewashed wall. This was an idiom for hypocrisy – just as the wall was painted on the outside but something different on the inside, so this person was not what he appeared or pretended to be (L&N 88.234; see also BDAG 1010 s.v. τοῖχος). Paul was claiming that the man’s response was two-faced (Ezek 13:10-16; Matt 23:27-28). See also Deut 28:22.

[23:3]  ⁴⁰ tn Grk “And do.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[23:3]  ⁴¹ tn The law refers to the law of Moses.

[23:3]  ⁴² tn BDAG 769 s.v. παρανομέω has “παρανομῶν κελεύεις in violation of the law you order Ac 23:3.”

[23:3]  sn In violation of the law. Paul was claiming that punishment was given before the examination was complete (m. Sanhedrin 3:6-8). Luke’s noting of this detail shows how quickly the leadership moved to react against Paul.