Yesaya 46:4

46:4 Even when you are old, I will take care of you, ¹ 

even when you have gray hair, I will carry you.

I made you and I will support you;

I will carry you and rescue you. ² 

Yesaya 48:12

48:12 Listen to me, O Jacob,

Israel, whom I summoned!

I am the one;

I am present at the very beginning

and at the very end. ³ 

Yesaya 48:15

48:15 I, I have spoken –

yes, I have summoned him;

I lead him and he will succeed. ⁴ 

Yesaya 41:13

41:13 For I am the Lord your God,

the one who takes hold of your right hand,

who says to you, ‘Don’t be afraid, I am helping you.’

Yesaya 65:24

65:24 Before they even call out, ⁵  I will respond;

while they are still speaking, I will hear.

Yesaya 66:9

66:9 “Do I bring a baby to the birth opening and then not deliver it?”

asks the Lord.

“Or do I bring a baby to the point of delivery and then hold it back?”

asks your God. ⁶ 

Yesaya 43:15

43:15 I am the Lord, your Holy One, ⁷ 

the one who created Israel, your king.”

Yesaya 41:4

41:4 Who acts and carries out decrees? ⁸ 

Who ⁹  summons the successive generations from the beginning?

I, the Lord, am present at the very beginning,

and at the very end – I am the one. ¹⁰ 

Yesaya 41:10

41:10 Don’t be afraid, for I am with you!

Don’t be frightened, for I am your God! ¹¹ 

I strengthen you –

yes, I help you –

yes, I uphold you with my saving right hand! ¹² 

Yesaya 44:6

The Absurdity of Idolatry

44:6 This is what the Lord, Israel’s king, says,

their protector, ¹³  the Lord who commands armies:

“I am the first and I am the last,

there is no God but me.

Yesaya 57:12

57:12 I will denounce your so-called righteousness and your deeds, ¹⁴ 

but they will not help you.

Yesaya 13:3

13:3 I have given orders to my chosen soldiers; ¹⁵ 

I have summoned the warriors through whom I will vent my anger, ¹⁶ 

my boasting, arrogant ones. ¹⁷ 

Yesaya 27:3

27:3 I, the Lord, protect it; ¹⁸ 

I water it regularly. ¹⁹ 

I guard it night and day,

so no one can harm it. ²⁰ 

Yesaya 37:25

37:25 I dug wells

and drank water. ²¹ 

With the soles of my feet I dried up

all the rivers of Egypt.’

Yesaya 38:10

38:10 “I thought, ²² 

‘In the middle of my life ²³  I must walk through the gates of Sheol,

I am deprived ²⁴  of the rest of my years.’

Yesaya 42:6

42:6 “I, the Lord, officially commission you; ²⁵ 

I take hold of your hand.

I protect you ²⁶  and make you a covenant mediator for people, ²⁷ 

and a light ²⁸  to the nations, ²⁹ 

Yesaya 42:8-9

The Lord Intervenes

42:8 I am the Lord! That is my name!

I will not share my glory with anyone else,

or the praise due me with idols.

42:9 Look, my earlier predictive oracles have come to pass; ³⁰ 

now I announce new events.

Before they begin to occur,

I reveal them to you.” ³¹ 

Yesaya 43:4-5

43:4 Since you are precious and special in my sight, ³² 

and I love you,

I will hand over people in place of you,

nations in place of your life.

43:5 Don’t be afraid, for I am with you.

From the east I will bring your descendants;

from the west I will gather you.

Yesaya 43:13

43:13 From this day forward I am he;

no one can deliver from my power; ³³ 

I will act, and who can prevent it?”

Yesaya 45:2

45:2 “I will go before you

and level mountains. ³⁴ 

Bronze doors I will shatter

and iron bars ³⁵  I will hack through.

Yesaya 45:5-6

45:5 I am the Lord, I have no peer, ³⁶ 

there is no God but me.

I arm you for battle, ³⁷  even though you do not recognize ³⁸  me.

45:6 I do this ³⁹  so people ⁴⁰  will recognize from east to west

that there is no God but me;

I am the Lord, I have no peer.

Yesaya 45:22

45:22 Turn to me so you can be delivered, ⁴¹ 

all you who live in the earth’s remote regions!

For I am God, and I have no peer.

Yesaya 48:13

48:13 Yes, my hand founded the earth;

my right hand spread out the sky.

I summon them;

they stand together.

Yesaya 52:6

52:6 For this reason my people will know my name,

for this reason they will know ⁴²  at that time ⁴³  that I am the one who says,

‘Here I am.’”

Yesaya 60:22

60:22 The least of you will multiply into ⁴⁴  a thousand;

the smallest of you will become a large nation.

When the right time comes, I the Lord will quickly do this!” ⁴⁵ 

Yesaya 49:21

49:21 Then you will think to yourself, ⁴⁶ 

‘Who bore these children for me?

I was bereaved and barren,

dismissed and divorced. ⁴⁷ 

Who raised these children?

Look, I was left all alone;

where did these children come from?’”

Yesaya 5:5

5:5 Now I will inform you

what I am about to do to my vineyard:

I will remove its hedge and turn it into pasture, ⁴⁸ 

I will break its wall and allow animals to graze there. ⁴⁹ 

Yesaya 41:14

41:14 Don’t be afraid, despised insignificant Jacob, ⁵⁰ 

men of ⁵¹  Israel.

I am helping you,” says the Lord,

your protector, ⁵²  the Holy One of Israel. ⁵³ 

Yesaya 41:17

41:17 The oppressed and the poor look for water, but there is none;

their tongues are parched from thirst.

I, the Lord, will respond to their prayers; ⁵⁴ 

I, the God of Israel, will not abandon them.

Yesaya 43:2-3

43:2 When you pass through the waters, I am with you;

when you pass ⁵⁵  through the streams, they will not overwhelm you.

When you walk through the fire, you will not be burned;

the flames will not harm ⁵⁶  you.

43:3 For I am the Lord your God,

the Holy One of Israel, ⁵⁷  your deliverer.

I have handed over Egypt as a ransom price,

Ethiopia and Seba ⁵⁸  in place of you.

Yesaya 43:12

43:12 I decreed and delivered and proclaimed,

and there was no other god among you.

You are my witnesses,” says the Lord, “that I am God.

Yesaya 44:5

44:5 One will say, ‘I belong to the Lord,’

and another will use ⁵⁹  the name ‘Jacob.’

One will write on his hand, ‘The Lord’s,’

and use the name ‘Israel.’” ⁶⁰ 

Yesaya 45:3

45:3 I will give you hidden treasures, ⁶¹ 

riches stashed away in secret places,

so you may recognize that I am the Lord,

the one who calls you by name, the God of Israel.

Yesaya 45:7-8

45:7 I am ⁶²  the one who forms light

and creates darkness; ⁶³ 

the one who brings about peace

and creates calamity. ⁶⁴ 

I am the Lord, who accomplishes all these things.

45:8 O sky, rain down from above!

Let the clouds send down showers ⁶⁵  of deliverance!

Let the earth absorb it ⁶⁶  so salvation may grow, ⁶⁷ 

and deliverance may sprout up ⁶⁸  along with it.

I, the Lord, create it. ⁶⁹ 

Yesaya 45:12

45:12 I made the earth,

I created the people who live ⁷⁰  on it.

It was me – my hands ⁷¹  stretched out the sky, ⁷² 

I give orders to all the heavenly lights. ⁷³ 

Yesaya 45:19

45:19 I have not spoken in secret,

in some hidden place. ⁷⁴ 

I did not tell Jacob’s descendants,

‘Seek me in vain!’ ⁷⁵ 

I am the Lord,

the one who speaks honestly,

who makes reliable announcements. ⁷⁶ 

Yesaya 47:8

47:8 So now, listen to this,

O one who lives so lavishly, ⁷⁷ 

who lives securely,

who says to herself, ⁷⁸ 

‘I am unique! No one can compare to me! ⁷⁹ 

I will never have to live as a widow;

I will never lose my children.’ ⁸⁰ 

Yesaya 47:10

47:10 You were complacent in your evil deeds; ⁸¹ 

you thought, ⁸²  ‘No one sees me.’

Your self-professed ⁸³  wisdom and knowledge lead you astray,

when you say, ‘I am unique! No one can compare to me!’ ⁸⁴ 

Yesaya 48:16-17

48:16 Approach me! Listen to this!

From the very first I have not spoken in secret;

when it happens, ⁸⁵  I am there.”

So now, the sovereign Lord has sent me, accompanied by his spirit. ⁸⁶ 

48:17 This is what the Lord, your protector, ⁸⁷  says,

the Holy One of Israel: ⁸⁸ 

“I am the Lord your God,

who teaches you how to succeed,

who leads you in the way you should go.

Yesaya 49:4

49:4 But I thought, ⁸⁹  “I have worked in vain;

I have expended my energy for absolutely nothing.” ⁹⁰ 

But the Lord will vindicate me;

my God will reward me. ⁹¹ 

Yesaya 49:18

49:18 Look all around you! ⁹² 

All of them gather to you.

As surely as I live,” says the Lord,

“you will certainly wear all of them like jewelry;

you will put them on as if you were a bride.

Yesaya 49:26

49:26 I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh;

they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine. ⁹³ 

Then all humankind ⁹⁴  will recognize that

I am the Lord, your deliverer,

your protector, ⁹⁵  the powerful ruler of Jacob.” ⁹⁶ 

Yesaya 57:16

57:16 For I will not be hostile ⁹⁷  forever

or perpetually angry,

for then man’s spirit would grow faint before me, ⁹⁸ 

the life-giving breath I created.

Yesaya 60:16

60:16 You will drink the milk of nations;

you will nurse at the breasts of kings. ⁹⁹ 

Then you will recognize that I, the Lord, am your deliverer,

your protector, ¹⁰⁰  the powerful ruler of Jacob. ¹⁰¹ 

Yesaya 61:8

61:8 For I, the Lord, love justice

and hate robbery and sin.

I will repay them because of my faithfulness; ¹⁰² 

I will make a permanent covenant with them.

Yesaya 63:1

The Victorious Divine Warrior

63:1 Who is this who comes from Edom, ¹⁰³ 

dressed in bright red, coming from Bozrah? ¹⁰⁴ 

Who ¹⁰⁵  is this one wearing royal attire, ¹⁰⁶ 

who marches confidently ¹⁰⁷  because of his great strength?

“It is I, the one who announces vindication,

and who is able to deliver!” ¹⁰⁸ 

Yesaya 65:18

65:18 But be happy and rejoice forevermore

over what I am about to create!

For look, I am ready to create Jerusalem ¹⁰⁹  to be a source of joy, ¹¹⁰ 

and her people to be a source of happiness. ¹¹¹ 

Yesaya 66:22

66:22 “For just as the new heavens and the new earth I am about to make will remain standing before me,” says the Lord, “so your descendants and your name will remain.

Yesaya 10:14

10:14 My hand discovered the wealth of the nations, as if it were in a nest,

as one gathers up abandoned eggs,

I gathered up the whole earth.

There was no wing flapping,

or open mouth chirping.” ¹¹² 

Yesaya 19:11

19:11 The officials of Zoan are nothing but fools; ¹¹³ 

Pharaoh’s wise advisers give stupid advice.

How dare you say to Pharaoh,

“I am one of the sages,

one well-versed in the writings of the ancient kings?” ¹¹⁴ 

Yesaya 37:24

37:24 Through your messengers you taunted the sovereign master, ¹¹⁵ 

‘With my many chariots I climbed up

the high mountains,

the slopes of Lebanon.

I cut down its tall cedars

and its best evergreens.

I invaded its most remote regions, ¹¹⁶ 

its thickest woods.

Yesaya 43:10

43:10 You are my witnesses,” says the Lord,

“my servant whom I have chosen,

so that you may consider ¹¹⁷  and believe in me,

and understand that I am he.

No god was formed before me,

and none will outlive me. ¹¹⁸ 

Yesaya 45:18

45:18 For this is what the Lord says,

the one who created the sky –

he is the true God, ¹¹⁹ 

the one who formed the earth and made it;

he established it,

he did not create it without order, ¹²⁰ 

he formed it to be inhabited –

“I am the Lord, I have no peer.

Yesaya 45:21

45:21 Tell me! Present the evidence! ¹²¹ 

Let them consult with one another!

Who predicted this in the past?

Who announced it beforehand?

Was it not I, the Lord?

I have no peer, there is no God but me,

a God who vindicates and delivers; ¹²² 

there is none but me.

Yesaya 49:23

49:23 Kings will be your children’s ¹²³  guardians;

their princesses will nurse your children. ¹²⁴ 

With their faces to the ground they will bow down to you

and they will lick the dirt on ¹²⁵  your feet.

Then you will recognize that I am the Lord;

those who wait patiently for me are not put to shame.

Yesaya 56:3

56:3 No foreigner who becomes a follower of ¹²⁶  the Lord should say,

‘The Lord will certainly ¹²⁷  exclude me from his people.’

The eunuch should not say,

‘Look, I am like a dried-up tree.’”

Yesaya 57:11

57:11 Whom are you worried about?

Whom do you fear, that you would act so deceitfully

and not remember me

or think about me? ¹²⁸ 

Because I have been silent for so long, ¹²⁹ 

you are not afraid of me. ¹³⁰ 

Yesaya 59:21

59:21 “As for me, this is my promise to ¹³¹  them,” says the Lord. “My spirit, who is upon you, and my words, which I have placed in your mouth, will not depart from your mouth or from the mouths of your children and descendants from this time forward,” ¹³²  says the Lord.

Yesaya 66:4

66:4 So I will choose severe punishment ¹³³  for them;

I will bring on them what they dread,

because I called, and no one responded,

I spoke and they did not listen.

They did evil before me; ¹³⁴ 

they chose to do what displeases me.”

[46:4]  ¹ tn Heb “until old age, I am he” (NRSV similar); NLT “I will be your God throughout your lifetime.”

[46:4]  ² sn Unlike the weary idol gods, whose images must be carried by animals, the Lord carries his weary people.

[48:12]  ³ tn Heb “I [am] he, I [am the] first, also I [am the] last.”

[48:15]  ⁴ tn Heb “and his way will be prosperous.”

[65:24]  ⁵ tn The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

[66:9]  ⁶ sn The rhetorical questions expect the answer, “Of course not!”

[43:15]  ⁷ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[41:4]  ⁸ tn Heb “Who acts and accomplishes?”; NASB “Who has performed and accomplished it.”

[41:4]  ⁹ tn The interrogative particle is understood by ellipsis (note the preceding line).

[41:4]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “I, the Lord, [am with] the first, and with the last ones I [am] he.”

[41:10]  ¹¹ tn According to BDB (1043 s.v. שָׁעָה), the verb תִּשְׁתָּע (tishta’) in the second line of the poetic couplet is a Hitpael form from the root שָׁעָה (sha’ah, “gaze,” with metathesis of the stem prefix and the first root letter). Taking the Hitpael as iterative, one may then translate “do not anxiously look about.” However, the alleged Hitpael form of שָׁעָה (sha’ah) only occurs here and in verse 23. HALOT 1671 s.v. שׁתע proposes that the verb is instead a Qal form from the root שׁתע (“fear”) which is attested in cognate Semitic languages, including Ugaritic (discovered after the publishing of BDB), suggests the existence of this root. The poetic structure of v. 10 also supports the proposal, for the form in question is in synonymous parallelism to יָרֵא (yare’, “fear”).

[41:10]  ¹² tn The “right hand” is a symbol of the Lord’s power to deliver (Exod 15:6, 12) and protect (Ps 63:9 HT [63:8 ET]). Here צֶדֶק (tsedeq) has its well-attested nuance of “vindicated righteousness,” i.e., “victory, deliverance” (see 45:8; 51:5, and BDB 841-42 s.v.).

[44:6]  ¹³ tn Heb “his kinsman redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.

[57:12]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “I, I will declare your righteousness and your deeds.”

[13:3]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “my consecrated ones,” i.e., those who have been set apart by God for the special task of carrying out his judgment.

[13:3]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “my warriors with respect to my anger.”

[13:3]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “the boasting ones of my pride”; cf. ASV, NASB, NRSV “my proudly exulting ones.”

[27:3]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “her.” Apparently “vineyard” is the antecedent, though normally this noun is understood as masculine (see Lev 25:3, however).

[27:3]  ¹⁹ tn Or perhaps, “constantly.” Heb “by moments.”

[27:3]  ²⁰ tn Heb “lest [someone] visit [harm] upon it, night and day I guard it.”

[37:25]  ²¹ tc The Hebrew text has simply, “I dug and drank water.” But the parallel text in 2 Kgs 19:24 has “foreign waters.” זָרִים (zarim, “foreign”) may have accidentally dropped out of the Isaianic text by homoioteleuton (cf. NCV, NIV, NLT). Note that the preceding word, מַיִם (mayim, “water) also ends in mem (ם). The Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a has “foreign waters” for this line. However, in several other passages the 1QIsa^a scroll harmonizes with 2 Kgs 19 against the MT (Isa 36:5; 37:9, 20). Since the addition of “foreign” to this text in Isaiah by a later scribe would be more likely than its deletion, the MT reading should be accepted.

[38:10]  ²² tn Or “I said” (KJV, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

[38:10]  ²³ tn The precise meaning of the phrase בִּדְמִי יָמַי (bidmi yamay, “in the [?] of my days”) is uncertain. According to HALOT 226 s.v. דְּמִי this word is a hapax legomenon meaning “half.” Others derive the form from דַּמִי (dami, “quiet, rest, peacefulness”).

[38:10]  ²⁴ tn The precise meaning of the verb is uncertain. The Pual of of פָּקַד (paqad) occurs only here and in Exod 38:21, where it appears to mean “passed in review” or “mustered.” Perhaps the idea is, “I have been called away for the remainder of my years.” To bring out the sense more clearly, one can translate, “I am deprived of the rest of my years.”

[42:6]  ²⁵ tn Heb “call you in righteousness.” The pronoun “you” is masculine singular, referring to the servant. See the note at 41:2.

[42:6]  ²⁶ tn The translation assumes the verb is derived from the root נָצַר (natsar, “protect”). Some prefer to derive it from the root יָצַר (yatsar, “form”).

[42:6]  ²⁷ tn Heb “a covenant of people.” A person cannot literally be a covenant; בְּרִית (bÿrit) is probably metonymic here, indicating a covenant mediator. The precise identity of עָם (’am, “people”) is uncertain. In v. 5 עָם refers to mankind, and the following reference to “nations” also favors this. But in 49:8, where the phrase בְּרִית עָם occurs again, Israel seems to be in view.

[42:6]  ²⁸ sn Light here symbolizes deliverance from bondage and oppression; note the parallelism in 49:6b and in 51:4-6.

[42:6]  ²⁹ tn Or “the Gentiles” (so KJV, ASV, NIV); the same Hebrew word can be translated “nations” or “Gentiles” depending on the context.

[42:9]  ³⁰ tn Heb “the former things, look, they have come.”

[42:9]  ³¹ tn Heb “before they sprout up, I cause you to hear.” The pronoun “you” is plural, referring to the people of Israel. In this verse “the former things” are the Lord’s earlier predictive oracles which have come to pass, while “the new things” are predicted events that have not yet begun to take place. “The former things” are earlier events in Israel’s history which God announced beforehand, such as the Exodus (see 43:16-18). “The new things” are the predictions about the servant (42:1-7). and may also include Cyrus’ conquests (41:25-27).

[43:4]  ³² tn Heb “Since you are precious in my eyes and you are honored.”

[43:13]  ³³ tn Heb “hand” (so KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV); NLT “No one can oppose what I do.”

[45:2]  ³⁴ tc The form הֲדוּרִים (hadurim) makes little, if any, sense here. It is probably a corruption of an original הָרָרִים (hararim, “mountains”), the reduplicated form of הָר (har, “mountain”).

[45:2]  ³⁵ tn That is, on the gates. Cf. CEV “break the iron bars on bronze gates.”

[45:5]  ³⁶ tn Heb “and there is none besides.” On the use of עוֹד (’od) here, see BDB 729 s.v. 1.c.

[45:5]  ³⁷ tn Heb “gird you” (so NASB) or “strengthen you” (so NIV).

[45:5]  ³⁸ tn Or “know” (NAB, NCV, NRSV, TEV, CEV, NLT); NIV “have not acknowledged.”

[45:6]  ³⁹ tn The words “I do this” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[45:6]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “they” (so KJV, ASV); TEV, CEV “everyone”; NLT “all the world.”

[45:22]  ⁴¹ tn The Niphal imperative with prefixed vav (ו) indicates purpose after the preceding imperative. The Niphal probably has a tolerative sense, “allow yourselves to be delivered, accept help.”

[52:6]  ⁴² tn The verb is understood by ellipsis (note the preceding line).

[52:6]  ⁴³ tn Heb “in that day” (so KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[60:22]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “will become” (so NASB, NIV).

[60:22]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “I, the Lord, in its time, I will quickly do it.”

[49:21]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “and you will say in your heart.”

[49:21]  ⁴⁷ tn Or “exiled and thrust away”; NIV “exiled and rejected.”

[5:5]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “and it will become [a place for] grazing.” בָּעַר (ba’ar, “grazing”) is a homonym of the more often used verb “to burn.”

[5:5]  ⁴⁹ tn Heb “and it will become a trampled place” (NASB “trampled ground”).

[41:14]  ⁵⁰ tn Heb “O worm Jacob” (NAB, NIV). The worm metaphor suggests that Jacob is insignificant and despised.

[41:14]  ⁵¹ tn On the basis of the parallelism (note “worm”) and an alleged Akkadian cognate, some read “louse” or “weevil.” Cf. NAB “O maggot Israel”; NRSV “you insect Israel.”

[41:14]  ⁵² tn Heb “your kinsman redeemer.” A גָּאַל (ga’al, “kinsman redeemer”) was a protector of the extended family’s interests.

[41:14]  ⁵³ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[41:17]  ⁵⁴ tn Heb “will answer them” (so ASV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

[43:2]  ⁵⁵ tn The verb is understood by ellipsis (note the preceding line).

[43:2]  ⁵⁶ tn Heb “burn” (so NASB); NAB, NRSV, NLT “consume”; NIV “set you ablaze.”

[43:3]  ⁵⁷ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[43:3]  ⁵⁸ sn Seba is not the same as Sheba in southern Arabia; cf. Gen 1:10; 1 Chr 1:9.

[44:5]  ⁵⁹ tn The Hebrew text has a Qal verb form, “and another will call by the name of Jacob.” With support from Symmachus (an ancient Greek textual witness), some read the Niphal, “and another will be called by the name of Jacob.”

[44:5]  ⁶⁰ tn Heb “and by the name of Israel he will title.” Some, with support from several ancient versions, prefer to change the Piel (active) verb form to a Pual (passive), “and he will be titled by the name of Israel.”

[45:3]  ⁶¹ tn Heb “treasures of darkness” (KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV); TEV “treasures from dark, secret places.”

[45:7]  ⁶² tn The words “I am” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. In the Hebrew text the participle at the beginning of v. 7 stands in apposition to “the Lord” in v. 6.

[45:7]  ⁶³ tn On the surface v. 7a appears to describe God’s sovereign control over the cycle of day and night, but the following statement suggests that “light” and “darkness” symbolize “deliverance” and “judgment.”

[45:7]  ⁶⁴ sn This verses affirms that God is ultimately sovereign over his world, including mankind and nations. In accordance with his sovereign will, he can cause wars to cease and peace to predominate (as he was about to do for his exiled people through Cyrus), or he can bring disaster and judgment on nations (as he was about to do to Babylon through Cyrus).

[45:8]  ⁶⁵ tn Heb “let the clouds drip with”; KJV “let the skies pour down.”

[45:8]  ⁶⁶ tn Heb “open up” (so NASB); NIV, NLT “open wide.”

[45:8]  ⁶⁷ tc The plural verb should be emended to a singular form. The vav (ו) ending is probably virtually dittographic (note the yod at the beginning of the following word).

[45:8]  ⁶⁸ tc The Hiphil verb form (תַצְמִיחַ, tatsmiakh) should probably be emended to a Qal (תִצְמַח, titsmakh). The יח sequence at the end of the form is probably due to dittography (note the following יַחַד, yakhad).

[45:8]  ⁶⁹ tn The masculine singular pronominal suffix probably refers back to יָשַׁע (yasha’, “salvation”).

[45:12]  ⁷⁰ tn The words “who live” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[45:12]  ⁷¹ tn Heb “I, even my hands”; NASB “I stretched out…with My hands”; NRSV “it was my hands that stretched out.” The same construction occurs at the beginning of v. 13.

[45:12]  ⁷² tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[45:12]  ⁷³ tn Heb “and to all their host I commanded.” See the notes at 40:26.

[45:19]  ⁷⁴ tn Heb “in a place of a land of darkness” (ASV similar); NASB “in some dark land.”

[45:19]  ⁷⁵ tn “In vain” translates תֹהוּ (tohu), used here as an adverbial accusative: “for nothing.”

[45:19]  ⁷⁶ tn The translation above assumes that צֶדֶק (tsedeq) and מֵישָׁרִים (mesharim) are adverbial accusatives (see 33:15). If they are taken as direct objects, indicating the content of what is spoken, one might translate, “who proclaims deliverance, who announces justice.”

[47:8]  ⁷⁷ tn Or perhaps, “voluptuous one” (NAB); NAB “you sensual one”; NLT “You are a pleasure-crazy kingdom.”

[47:8]  ⁷⁸ tn Heb “the one who says in her heart.”

[47:8]  ⁷⁹ tn Heb “I [am], and besides me there is no other.” See Zeph 2:15.

[47:8]  ⁸⁰ tn Heb “I will not live [as] a widow, and I will not know loss of children.”

[47:10]  ⁸¹ tn Heb “you trusted in your evil”; KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV “wickedness.”

[47:10]  ⁸² tn Or “said”; NAB “said to yourself”’ NASB “said in your heart.”

[47:10]  ⁸³ tn The words “self-professed” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[47:10]  ⁸⁴ tn See the note at v. 8.

[48:16]  ⁸⁵ tn Heb “from the time of its occurring.”

[48:16]  ⁸⁶ sn The speaker here is not identified specifically, but he is probably Cyrus, the Lord’s “ally” mentioned in vv. 14-15.

[48:17]  ⁸⁷ tn Heb “your redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.

[48:17]  ⁸⁸ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[49:4]  ⁸⁹ tn Or “said” (KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV); NLT “I replied.”

[49:4]  ⁹⁰ tn Heb “for nothing and emptiness.” Synonyms are combined to emphasize the common idea.

[49:4]  ⁹¹ tn Heb “But my justice is with the Lord, and my reward [or “wage”] with my God.”

[49:18]  ⁹² tn Heb “Lift up around your eyes and see.”

[49:26]  ⁹³ sn Verse 26a depicts siege warfare and bloody defeat. The besieged enemy will be so starved they will their own flesh. The bloodstained bodies lying on the blood-soaked battle site will look as if they collapsed in drunkenness.

[49:26]  ⁹⁴ tn Heb “flesh” (so KJV, NASB).

[49:26]  ⁹⁵ tn Heb “your redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.

[49:26]  ⁹⁶ tn Heb “the powerful [one] of Jacob.” See 1:24.

[57:16]  ⁹⁷ tn Or perhaps, “argue,” or “accuse” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV).

[57:16]  ⁹⁸ tn Heb “for a spirit from before me would be faint.”

[60:16]  ⁹⁹ sn The nations and kings are depicted as a mother nursing her children. Restored Zion will be nourished by them as she receives their wealth as tribute.

[60:16]  ¹⁰⁰ tn Or “redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.

[60:16]  ¹⁰¹ sn See 1:24 and 49:26.

[61:8]  ¹⁰² tn Heb “in faithfulness”; NASB, NRSV, NLT “faithfully.”

[63:1]  ¹⁰³ sn Edom is here an archetype for the Lord’s enemies. See 34:5.

[63:1]  ¹⁰⁴ tn Heb “[in] bright red garments, from Bozrah.”

[63:1]  ¹⁰⁵ tn The interrogative particle is understood by ellipsis; note the first line of the verse.

[63:1]  ¹⁰⁶ tn Heb “honored in his clothing”; KJV, ASV “glorious in his apparel.”

[63:1]  ¹⁰⁷ tc The Hebrew text has צָעָה (tsa’ah), which means “stoop, bend” (51:14). The translation assumes an emendation to צָעַד (tsa’ad, “march”; see BDB 858 s.v. צָעָה).

[63:1]  ¹⁰⁸ tn Heb “I, [the one] speaking in vindication [or “righteousness”], great to deliver.”

[65:18]  ¹⁰⁹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[65:18]  ¹¹⁰ tn Heb “Jerusalem, joy.” The next verse suggests the meaning: The Lord will create Jerusalem to be a source of joy to himself.

[65:18]  ¹¹¹ tn Heb “her people, happiness.” See the preceding note.

[10:14]  ¹¹² sn The Assyrians’ conquests were relatively unopposed, like robbing a bird’s nest of its eggs when the mother bird is absent.

[19:11]  ¹¹³ tn Or “certainly the officials of Zoan are fools.” אַךְ (’akh) can carry the sense, “only, nothing but,” or “certainly, surely.”

[19:11]  ¹¹⁴ tn Heb “A son of wise men am I, a son of ancient kings.” The term בֶּן (ben, “son of”) could refer to literal descent, but many understand the word, at least in the first line, in its idiomatic sense of “member [of a guild].” See HALOT 138 s.v. בֶּן and J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:371. If this is the case, then one can take the word in a figurative sense in the second line as well, the “son of ancient kings” being one devoted to their memory as preserved in their literature.

[37:24]  ¹¹⁵ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[37:24]  ¹¹⁶ tn Heb “the height of its extremity”; ASV “its farthest height.”

[43:10]  ¹¹⁷ tn Or “know” (KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[43:10]  ¹¹⁸ tn Heb “and after me, there will not be”; NASB “there will be none after Me.”

[45:18]  ¹¹⁹ tn Heb “he [is] the God.” The article here indicates uniqueness.

[45:18]  ¹²⁰ tn Or “unformed.” Gen 1:2 describes the world as “unformed” (תֹהוּ, tohu) prior to God’s creative work, but God then formed the world and made it fit for habitation.

[45:21]  ¹²¹ tn Heb “Declare! Bring near!”; NASB “Declare and set forth your case.” See 41:21.

[45:21]  ¹²² tn Or “a righteous God and deliverer”; NASB, NIV, NRSV “a righteous God and a Savior.”

[49:23]  ¹²³ tn Heb “your,” but Zion here stands by metonymy for her children (see v. 22b).

[49:23]  ¹²⁴ tn Heb “you.” See the preceding note.

[49:23]  ¹²⁵ tn Or “at your feet” (NAB, NIV); NLT “from your feet.”

[56:3]  ¹²⁶ tn Heb “who attaches himself to.”

[56:3]  ¹²⁷ tn The infinitive absolute precedes the finite verb for emphasis.

[57:11]  ¹²⁸ tn Heb “you do not place [it] on your heart.”

[57:11]  ¹²⁹ tn Heb “Is it not [because] I have been silent, and from long ago?”

[57:11]  ¹³⁰ sn God’s patience with sinful Israel has caused them to think that they can sin with impunity and suffer no consequences.

[59:21]  ¹³¹ tn Or “my covenant with” (so many English versions); NCV “my agreement with.”

[59:21]  sn The Lord promises the repentant (note “to them”) that they and their offspring will possess his spirit and function as his spokesmen. In this regard they follow in the footsteps of the Lord’s special servant. See 42:1; 49:2; 51:16.

[59:21]  ¹³² tn Heb “from now and on into the future.”

[66:4]  ¹³³ tn The precise meaning of the noun is uncertain. It occurs only here and in 3:4 (but see the note there). It appears to be derived from the verbal root עָלַל (’alal), which can carry the nuance “deal severely.”

[66:4]  ¹³⁴ tn Heb “that which is evil in my eyes.”